Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University (GTU), 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Environmental Engineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Aug 15;633:30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.145. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
Cancer has become the primary reason of deaths in Dilovasi probably due to its location with unique topography under the influence of heavy industrialization and traffic. In this study, possible sources and carcinogenic health risks of PAHs and PCBs were investigated in Dilovasi region by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and the USEPA approach, respectively. PAHs and PCBs were measured monthly for a whole year at 23 sampling sites using PUF disk passive samplers. Average ambient air concentrations were found as 285±431ng/m and 4152±6072pg/m, for ΣPAH and ΣPCB, respectively. PAH concentrations increased with decreasing temperature especially at urban sites, indicating the impact of residential heating in addition to industrial activities and traffic. On the other hand, PCB concentrations mostly increased with temperature probably due to enhanced volatilization from their sources. Possible sources of PAHs were found as emissions of diesel and gasoline vehicles, biomass and coal combustion, iron and steel industry, and unburned petroleum/petroleum products, whereas iron-steel production, coal and biomass burning, technical PCB mixtures, and industrial emissions were identified for PCBs. The mean carcinogenic risk associated with inhalation exposure to PAHs and PCBs were estimated to be >10 and >10, respectively, at all sampling points, while the 95th percentile was >10 at 15 of 23 and >10 at 8 of 23 sampling locations, respectively. Probabilistic assessment showed, especially for PCBs, that a majority of Dilovasi population face significant health risks. The higher risks due to PCBs further indicated that PCBs and possibly other pollutants originating from the same sources such as PBDEs and PCNs may be an important issue for the region.
癌症已成为迪洛瓦西主要的死亡原因，可能是由于其位于重工业和交通影响下的独特地形。在这项研究中，通过正矩阵因子化（PMF）和美国环保署方法，分别研究了迪洛瓦西地区多环芳烃和多氯联苯的可能来源和致癌健康风险。使用 PUF 圆盘被动采样器在 23 个采样点每月采集一次，全年采集一次，以测量多环芳烃和多氯联苯。ΣPAH 和 ΣPCB 的平均环境空气浓度分别为 285±431ng/m 和 4152±6072pg/m。PAH 浓度随温度降低而增加，尤其是在城市地区，表明除工业活动和交通外，居民取暖也会产生影响。另一方面，由于从其来源中增强了挥发，PCB 浓度大多随温度升高而增加。PAHs 的可能来源被发现为柴油和汽油车辆、生物质和煤炭燃烧、钢铁工业以及未燃烧的石油/石油产品的排放，而钢铁生产、煤炭和生物质燃烧、技术 PCB 混合物以及工业排放则被确定为 PCBs 的来源。在所有采样点，与吸入多环芳烃和多氯联苯相关的平均致癌风险估计均>10，而在 23 个采样点中的 15 个和 23 个采样点中的 8 个，95%百分位数>10。概率评估表明，特别是对于多氯联苯，迪洛瓦西的大多数人口面临着重大的健康风险。由于多氯联苯而导致的更高风险进一步表明，PCBs 以及可能来自相同来源的其他污染物（如 PBDEs 和 PCNs）可能是该地区的一个重要问题。
