Standaert D G, Cechetto D F, Needleman P, Saper C B
Nature. 1987;329(6135):151-3. doi: 10.1038/329151a0.
Atriopeptin, the atrial natriuretic peptide, is a circulating hormone that is released from the atria of mammalian hearts in response to volume expansion and acts upon the kidneys, adrenal glands and vasculature to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Atriopeptin is also present in the brain of the rat. Atriopeptin immunoreactive cell bodies and fibres are found in many areas known to be involved in the central regulation of the cardiovascular system, suggesting that it may be a neuromediator in the central control of fluid and electrolyte balance. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which contains the cell bodies of neurons that secrete vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland, receives a dense innervation from atriopeptin-like immunoreactive fibres. We have studied the effect of atriopeptin on the electrical activity of single neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of anaesthetized rats and found that atriopeptin is a potent inhibitor of putative vasopressin neurons. Atriopeptin, which has systemic actions that oppose those of vasopressin, may act as a neuromodulator in the brain to prevent vasopressin secretion.
心钠素，即心房利钠肽，是一种循环激素，在哺乳动物心脏心房因容量扩张而释放，作用于肾脏、肾上腺和血管系统，以调节体液和电解质平衡。心钠素也存在于大鼠脑中。在心钠素免疫反应性细胞体和纤维存在于许多已知参与心血管系统中枢调节的区域，这表明它可能是体液和电解质平衡中枢控制中的一种神经介质。下丘脑室旁核含有从垂体后叶分泌抗利尿激素的神经元细胞体，接受来自心钠素样免疫反应性纤维的密集神经支配。我们研究了心钠素对麻醉大鼠室旁核单个神经元电活动的影响，发现心钠素是假定的抗利尿激素神经元的强效抑制剂。心钠素具有与抗利尿激素相反的全身作用，可能在脑中作为一种神经调节剂来阻止抗利尿激素的分泌。
