a Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité - EA 7424, UFRSTAPS , Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Villeurbanne Cedex , France.
b Département de Kinésiologie, Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement (S2M) , Université de Montréal , Laval , QC , Canada.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Jun;18(5):659-666. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1449893. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
This study aimed (1) to describe and compare scapular kinematics between three groups of swimmers of different levels and a group of non-swimmers, and (2) to assess whether swimming practice alters the asymmetries in scapular kinematics between the dominant and non-dominant sides, both during unilateral arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane. Scapular kinematics were assessed bilaterally during arm raising and lowering in the scapular plane using an electromagnetic system in 42 healthy males, which were split into four groups: control (n = 11), adolescent elite swimmers (n = 11), adult elite swimmers (n = 10), and club-level adult swimmers (n = 10). One-Way ANOVA SPM(t) on two repeated measures showed that the three groups of swimmers had more protracted shoulder between 30° and 90° of arm raising and lowering (p < .001). The three groups of swimmers presented no bilateral difference in scapular upward rotation, while the dominant scapula was more upwardly rotated than the non-dominant one between 74° and 104° of arm elevation in the control group (p < .001). The scapula of adult elite swimmers was more internally rotated between 67° and 116° of humeral elevation during arm raising, and between 81° and 54° during arm lowering in comparison to the other swimming and control groups (p ≤ .02), who presented similar scapular positioning in internal rotation. In conclusion, the findings of the study pointed out that swimming practice generated protracted shoulders and removed bilateral differences in scapular upward rotation during scaption, while accumulation of swimming practice at elite level enlarged scapular internal rotation.
(1)描述并比较不同水平游泳运动员组与非游泳运动员组之间的肩胛骨运动学差异；(2)评估游泳练习是否会改变肩胛骨在单侧手臂抬高和降低过程中的运动学不对称性，包括在肩胛骨平面。在肩胛骨平面，通过电磁系统在 42 名健康男性的双侧进行手臂抬高和降低时评估肩胛骨运动学，这些男性被分为四组：对照组（n=11）、青少年精英游泳运动员组（n=11）、成年精英游泳运动员组（n=10）和俱乐部水平成年游泳运动员组（n=10）。双因素重复测量方差分析 SPM(t)显示，三组游泳运动员在手臂抬高和降低的 30°到 90°之间肩部的伸展时间更长（p<.001）。三组游泳运动员在肩胛骨上旋方面没有双侧差异，而在对照组中，手臂抬高至 74°至 104°时，优势肩胛骨比非优势肩胛骨的上旋角度更大（p<.001）。与其他游泳和对照组相比，成年精英游泳运动员在手臂抬高时，肩胛骨在肱骨抬高的 67°到 116°之间和在手臂降低时的 81°到 54°之间的内旋角度更大（p≤.02），这些组的肩胛骨在内部旋转中具有相似的定位。总之，研究结果表明，游泳练习产生了肩部伸展，并在肩胛骨抬高过程中消除了肩胛骨上旋的双侧差异，而精英水平的游泳练习积累则增加了肩胛骨内旋。
