Genome Stability Laboratory, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Feb;86:121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
Our genomic DNA is found predominantly in a double-stranded helical conformation. However, there are a number of cellular transactions and DNA damage events that result in the exposure of single stranded regions of DNA. DNA transactions require these regions of single stranded DNA, but they are only transient in nature as they are particularly susceptible to further damage through chemical and enzymatic degradation, metabolic activation, and formation of secondary structures. To protect these exposed regions of single stranded DNA, all living organisms have members of the Single Stranded DNA Binding (SSB) protein family, which are characterised by a conserved oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) domain. In humans, three such proteins members have been identified; namely the Replication Protein A (RPA) complex, hSSB1 and hSSB2. While RPA is extremely well characterised, the roles of hSSB1 and hSSB2 have only emerged recently. In this review, we discuss the critical roles that hSSB1 plays in the maintenance of genomic stability.
我们的基因组 DNA 主要存在于双链螺旋构象中。然而，有许多细胞交易和 DNA 损伤事件导致 DNA 的单链区域暴露。DNA 交易需要这些单链 DNA 区域，但它们本质上是短暂的，因为它们特别容易通过化学和酶降解、代谢激活以及形成二级结构而进一步受损。为了保护这些暴露的单链 DNA 区域，所有生物体都有单链 DNA 结合（SSB）蛋白家族的成员，它们的特征是保守的寡核苷酸/寡糖结合（OB）结构域。在人类中，已经鉴定出三种这样的蛋白质成员；即复制蛋白 A（RPA）复合物、hSSB1 和 hSSB2。虽然 RPA 已经得到了很好的描述，但 hSSB1 和 hSSB2 的作用直到最近才出现。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 hSSB1 在维持基因组稳定性方面所起的关键作用。
