Boudreau Anik, Fuller Scott, Ribnicky David M, Richard Allison J, Stephens Jacqueline M
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2018 Mar 25;7(2):22. doi: 10.3390/biology7020022.
An ethanolic extract of (groundsel bush, GB), which is a native Louisiana plant with documented use in Creole folk medicine, has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured macrophages. Here, we examine the effects of GB on adipocyte development and function, as these processes are attractive targets for intervention in insulin resistance. Oil Red O neutral lipid staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunoblotting were used to measure GB effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein abundance, respectively. In differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GB enhanced lipid accumulation and increased expression of several adipogenic genes (GLUT4, aP2, ADPN, CEBPα, FAS, and PPARγ). Protein levels of two of these adipogenic markers (aP2 and adiponectin) were examined and found to be induced by GB treatment. In mature adipocytes, GB reduced the gene expression of resistin, a pro-inflammatory endocrine factor, increased the adiponectin protein levels in a time-dependent manner, and substantially attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced reduction in adiponectin. In macrophages, GB reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes that were induced by LPS. GB produces metabolically favorable changes in differentiating adipocytes, mature adipocytes, and macrophages in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a dietary supplement or nutraceutical to support metabolic health and resiliency.
节节草（GB）是路易斯安那州的本土植物，在克里奥尔民间医学中有应用记载，其乙醇提取物已被证明可抑制培养的巨噬细胞中脂多糖（LPS）诱导的炎症。在此，我们研究了GB对脂肪细胞发育和功能的影响，因为这些过程是干预胰岛素抵抗的有吸引力的靶点。分别使用油红O中性脂质染色、逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）和免疫印迹来测量GB对脂质积累、基因表达和蛋白质丰度的影响。在分化的3T3-L1脂肪细胞中，GB增强了脂质积累，并增加了几种脂肪生成基因（GLUT4、aP2、ADPN、CEBPα、FAS和PPARγ）的表达。检测了其中两种脂肪生成标志物（aP2和脂联素）的蛋白质水平，发现GB处理可诱导其表达。在成熟脂肪细胞中，GB降低了促炎内分泌因子抵抗素的基因表达，以时间依赖性方式增加了脂联素蛋白水平，并显著减轻了TNF-α诱导的脂联素减少。在巨噬细胞中，GB降低了LPS诱导的促炎基因的表达。GB在体外对分化的脂肪细胞、成熟脂肪细胞和巨噬细胞产生代谢有利的变化，表明其作为膳食补充剂或营养保健品支持代谢健康和恢复力的潜在用途。
