Melichna J, Macková E V, Semiginovský B, Tolar M, Stichová J, Slavícek A, Vanková S, Bartůnĕk Z
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Charles University, Prague.
Physiol Bohemoslov. 1987;36(4):321-8.
Young Wistar rats underwent dynamic (D) or static (S) exercise from the 5th to 35th day after birth. Histochemical and biochemical analysis were performed in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the soleus muscle (SOL). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (regulating anaerobic metabolism) and citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) (both regulating aerobic metabolism) activities were determined spectrophotometrically. An increase of the fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) muscle fibres was found in the slow SOL muscle in both trained groups, i.e. by 10% in group D and by 7% in group S in comparison with the C group. The EDL muscle fibre distribution did not differ from those of control animals in respect to the slow oxidative (SO) fibre type. A higher percentage of FOG fibres by 19% was found in group D contrary to a decreased number of the fast glycolytic (FG) muscle fibres in this trained group. The greatest increase of CS (EDL 185%, SOL 176%) and HAD (EDL 83%, SOL 178%) activities were found in group D as compared with control group (C). Only small differences were observed in LDH activity. The values of characteristic enzyme activity ratios show that dynamic training resulted in an elevation of oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, while the static load led preferentially along the glycolytic pathway. It may be concluded that an adaptive response to the training load during early postnatal development is different due to the type of exercise (dynamic or static) and/or the type of skeletal muscle (fast or slow).
新生5至35日龄的Wistar幼鼠进行了动态（D）或静态（S）运动。对趾长伸肌（EDL）和比目鱼肌（SOL）进行了组织化学和生化分析。采用分光光度法测定了乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）（调节无氧代谢）、柠檬酸合酶（CS）和羟酰基辅酶A脱氢酶（HAD）（均调节有氧代谢）的活性。在两个训练组的慢肌比目鱼肌中均发现快速氧化糖酵解（FOG）肌纤维增加，即与C组相比，D组增加了10%，S组增加了7%。在慢氧化（SO）纤维类型方面，EDL肌纤维分布与对照动物无差异。与该训练组中快速糖酵解（FG）肌纤维数量减少相反，D组中FOG纤维百分比增加了19%。与对照组（C）相比，D组中CS（EDL增加185%，SOL增加176%）和HAD（EDL增加83%，SOL增加178%）活性增加最为显著。LDH活性仅观察到微小差异。特征酶活性比值表明，动态训练导致骨骼肌氧化能力提高，而静态负荷则优先沿着糖酵解途径进行。可以得出结论，由于运动类型（动态或静态）和/或骨骼肌类型（快肌或慢肌）的不同，出生后早期发育过程中对训练负荷的适应性反应也不同。
