Dwyer Donard S
Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Mol Neuropsychiatry. 2018 Feb;3(3):170-179. doi: 10.1159/000485423. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Endophenotypes and Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) represent recent efforts to deconvolute psychiatric illnesses into fundamental symptom clusters or biological markers more closely linked to genetic influences. By taking this one step farther, these biomarkers can be reduced to protophenotypes - endophenotypes conserved during evolution - with counterparts in lower organisms including and . Striking conservation in of genes that increase the risk for mental illness bolsters the relevance of this model system for psychiatric research. Here, I review the characterization of several protophenotypes that are relevant for asociality, avolition/anhedonia, prepulse inhibition, and anorexia. Interestingly, the analogous behavioral defects in are also corrected by psychotropic drugs used to treat the corresponding symptoms in man and/or are mediated by the same neurotransmitters. Overall, there is much we can learn about the complex human brain by studying simpler nervous systems directing evolutionarily conserved behaviors. The potential for generating important new insights from model organisms appears limitless when we begin to recognize the vestiges of evolution in ourselves.
内表型与研究领域标准（RDoC）代表了近期将精神疾病分解为更紧密关联基因影响的基本症状群或生物标志物的努力。更进一步来说，这些生物标志物可被简化为原表型——在进化过程中保守的内表型——在包括[具体生物1]和[具体生物2]在内的低等生物中有对应物。增加精神疾病风险的基因在[具体方面]的显著保守性支持了这个模型系统在精神病学研究中的相关性。在此，我回顾了几种与社交障碍、意志缺失/快感缺乏、前脉冲抑制和厌食相关的原表型的特征。有趣的是，[具体生物]中类似的行为缺陷也可被用于治疗人类相应症状的精神药物所纠正，和/或由相同的神经递质介导。总体而言，通过研究指导进化保守行为的更简单神经系统，我们能够了解复杂的人类大脑。当我们开始认识到自身进化的痕迹时，从模式生物中产生重要新见解的潜力似乎是无限的。
