Kavli Institute of Nanoscience and Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands; email:
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Annu Rev Biophys. 2018 May 20;47:569-593. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-070317-032923. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
Most everyday processes in life involve a necessity for an entity to locate its target. On a cellular level, many proteins have to find their target to perform their function. From gene-expression regulation to DNA repair to host defense, numerous nucleic acid-interacting proteins use distinct target search mechanisms. Several proteins achieve that with the help of short RNA strands known as guides. This review focuses on single-molecule advances studying the target search and recognition mechanism of Argonaute and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems. We discuss different steps involved in search and recognition, from the initial complex prearrangement into the target-search competent state to the final proofreading steps. We focus on target search mechanisms that range from weak interactions, to one- and three-dimensional diffusion, to conformational proofreading. We compare the mechanisms of Argonaute and CRISPR with a well-studied target search system, RecA.
生活中的大多数日常过程都需要一个实体来定位其目标。在细胞水平上，许多蛋白质必须找到它们的靶标才能发挥作用。从基因表达调控到 DNA 修复再到宿主防御，许多与核酸相互作用的蛋白质都利用不同的靶标搜索机制。一些蛋白质借助称为向导的短 RNA 链来实现这一点。本文综述了单分子技术在研究 Argonaute 和 CRISPR（成簇的、规律间隔的短回文重复序列）系统的靶标搜索和识别机制方面的进展。我们讨论了搜索和识别过程中的不同步骤，从初始的复杂预排列到靶标搜索能力状态，再到最终的校对步骤。我们重点讨论了靶标搜索机制，范围从弱相互作用、一维和三维扩散到构象校对。我们将 Argonaute 和 CRISPR 的机制与一个研究充分的靶标搜索系统 RecA 进行了比较。
