Optimization and CH methionine labeling of a signaling competent neurotensin receptor 1 variant for NMR studies.

Neurotensin is a 13-residue peptide that acts as a neuromodulator of classical neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate in the mammalian central nervous system, mainly by activating the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS). Agonist binding to GPCRs shifts the conformational equilibrium of the transmembrane helices towards distinct, thermodynamically favorable conformations that favor effector protein interactions and promotes cell signaling. The introduction of site specific labels for NMR spectroscopy has proven useful for investigating this dynamic process, but the low expression levels and poor stability of GPCRs is a hindrance to solution NMR experiments. Several thermostabilized mutants of NTS have been engineered to circumvent this, with the crystal structures of four of these published. The conformational dynamics of NTS however, has not been thoroughly investigated with NMR. It is generally accepted that stabilized GPCRs exhibit attenuated signaling, thus we thoroughly characterized the signaling characteristics of several thermostabilized NTS variants to identify an optimal variant for protein NMR studies. A variant termed enNTS exhibited the best combination of signaling capability and stability upon solubilization with detergents. enNTS was subsequently labeled with CH-methionine in E. coli and purified to homogeneity in the absence of bound ligands. Using solution NMR spectroscopy we observed several well dispersed CH-methionine resonances, many of which exhibited chemical shift changes upon the addition of the high affinity agonist peptide, NT8-13. Thus, enNTS represents a novel tool for investigating ligand induced conformational changes in NTS to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotensin signaling.