发展性面孔失认症中面孔和物体的反转效应:病例系列分析。
Inversion effects for faces and objects in developmental prosopagnosia: A case series analysis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Neuropsychologia. 2018 May;113:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.026. Epub 2018 Mar 26.
The disproportionate face inversion effect (dFIE) concerns the finding that face recognition is more affected by inversion than recognition of non-face objects; an effect assumed to reflect that face recognition relies on special operations. Support for this notion comes from studies showing that face processing in developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is less affected by inversion than it is in normal subjects, and that DPs may even display face inversion superiority effects, i.e. better processing of inverted compared to upright faces. To date, however, there are no reports of direct comparisons between inversion effects for faces and objects, investigating whether the altered inversion effect in DP is specific to faces. We examined this question by comparing inversion effects for faces and cars in two otherwise identical recognition tasks in a group of DPs (N = 16) and a matched control group, using a case series design. Although both groups showed inversion effects for both faces and cars, only the control group exhibited a significant dFIE, i.e. a larger inversion effect for faces than cars. In comparison, the DPs were not significantly more affected by inversion than the control group when assessed with a face processing task that did not require recognition. Importantly, in both settings the DPs are better with upright than with inverted faces, and on the individual level no DP was found to perform significantly better with inverted than with upright faces. In fact, the DPs are impaired relative to the control group with both upright and inverted faces and to a less extent also with upright and inverted cars. These results yield no evidence of inversion superiority in DP but rather suggest that their face recognition problem is not limited to operations specialized for upright faces.
不成比例的面孔倒置效应(dFIE)指的是这样一种发现,即与识别非面孔物体相比,面孔识别受到倒置的影响更大;这种效应被认为反映了面孔识别依赖于特殊的操作。这一观点得到了以下研究的支持:研究表明,在发育性面孔失认症(DP)中,面孔处理受到倒置的影响小于正常受试者,并且 DP 甚至可能表现出面孔倒置优势效应,即倒置的面孔比直立的面孔处理得更好。然而,迄今为止,还没有直接比较面孔和物体的倒置效应的报告,这些报告调查了 DP 中改变的倒置效应是否特定于面孔。我们通过在两组 DP(N=16)和一组匹配的对照组中,使用病例系列设计,在两个完全相同的识别任务中比较面孔和汽车的倒置效应,来研究这个问题。尽管两组对象都显示出了面孔和汽车的倒置效应,但只有对照组表现出了显著的 dFIE,即面孔的倒置效应大于汽车的倒置效应。相比之下,在不需要识别的面孔处理任务中评估时,DP 受到倒置的影响并不比对照组大。重要的是,在这两种情况下,DP 处理直立面孔的效果都比倒置面孔好,而且在个体水平上,没有 DP 被发现处理倒置面孔的效果明显好于直立面孔。事实上,DP 相对于对照组,无论是处理直立还是倒置的面孔,都存在缺陷,而对于直立和倒置的汽车,其缺陷程度则较低。这些结果没有为 DP 提供倒置优势的证据,而是表明他们的面孔识别问题不仅限于专门用于直立面孔的操作。