Braunberger Taylor L, Nahhas Amanda F, Katz Linda M, Sadrieh Nakissa, Lim Henry W
J Drugs Dermatol. 2018 Apr 1;17(4):387-391.
The sunless tanning industry has experienced rapid growth due to public education on the dangers of ultraviolet radiation on skin and improvements in products. Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a 3-carbon sugar allowed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a color additive in sunless tanning products. Bronzers, a product removed with soap and water, may also contain DHA. We aim to review the literature on DHA. DHA is intended for external application, not including the mucous membranes or in or around the eye area. DHA has been used in spray-tan booths and by airbrushing it onto consumers, although these are unapproved uses, as contact with the color additive is not restricted to the external part of the body. Consequently, the FDA recommends customers shield their eyes, lips, and mucous membranes, as well as refrain from ingestion or inhalation of DHA. Unlike sunscreens, products that protect against ultraviolet radiation and are regulated by the FDA as non-prescription drugs, sunless tanning products are regulated as cosmetics and cannot provide any protection from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. There are reports of non-cosmetic uses of DHA that are not FDA approved. With the wide-spread use of DHA, additional studies on its safety are warranted.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):387-391.
.由于公众对紫外线辐射对皮肤危害的认识提高以及产品的改进，免晒美黑行业经历了快速增长。二羟基丙酮（DHA）是一种三碳糖，被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准作为免晒美黑产品中的一种色素添加剂。古铜色化妆品，一种可用肥皂和水去除的产品，也可能含有DHA。我们旨在综述关于DHA的文献。DHA仅供外用，不包括粘膜或眼周区域。DHA已被用于喷雾美黑 booths 并通过喷枪喷在消费者身上，尽管这些都是未经批准的用途，因为与这种色素添加剂的接触不限于身体外部。因此，FDA建议消费者保护好眼睛、嘴唇和粘膜，同时避免摄入或吸入DHA。与防晒产品不同，防晒产品可防止紫外线辐射且作为非处方药受到FDA监管，免晒美黑产品则作为化妆品受到监管，不能提供任何抵御紫外线辐射的保护。有报道称DHA存在未经FDA批准的非化妆品用途。随着DHA的广泛使用，有必要对其安全性进行更多研究。
《药物皮肤病学杂志》。2018年；17(4):387 - 391。
（注：“spray-tan booths”这里原文似乎不太准确，推测可能是“喷雾美黑 booths”之类的表述，不太明确具体所指，暂按字面翻译）