Brouwer-Brolsma E M, Sluik D, Singh-Povel C M, Feskens E J M
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018 May;28(5):451-460. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
Previous studies have suggested weight-regulatory properties for several dairy nutrients, but population-based studies on dairy and body weight are inconclusive. We explored cross-sectional associations between dairy consumption and indicators of overweight.
We included 114,682 Dutch adults, aged ≥18 years. Dairy consumption was quantified by a food frequency questionnaire. Abdominal overweight was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm (women) or ≥102 cm (men) (n = 37,391), overweight as BMI ≥25-30 kg/m (n = 44,772) and obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m (n = 15,339). Associations were quantified by logistic (abdominal overweight, no/yes), multinomial logistic (BMI-defined overweight and obesity) and linear regression analyses (continuous measures of WC and BMI), and they were adjusted for relevant covariates. Total dairy showed a positive association with abdominal overweight (OR Q1 ref vs. Q5: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14) and with BMI-defined overweight (OR Q5 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.18) and obesity (OR Q5 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16). Skimmed, semi-skimmed and non-fermented dairy also showed positive associations with overweight categories. Full-fat dairy showed an inverse association with overweight and obesity (OR Q5 for obesity: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.73-0.83). Moreover, inverse associations were observed for yoghurt and custard and positive associations for milk, buttermilk, flavoured yoghurt drinks, cheese and cheese snacks. Fermented dairy, curd cheese and Dutch cheese did not show a consistent association with overweight categories.
Total, skimmed, semi-skimmed and non-fermented dairy; milk; buttermilk; flavoured yoghurt drinks; total cheese and cheese snacks showed a positive association with overweight categories, whereas full-fat dairy, custard and yoghurt showed an inverse association with overweight categories.
先前的研究表明，几种乳制品营养成分具有体重调节特性，但基于人群的乳制品与体重关系的研究尚无定论。我们探讨了乳制品消费与超重指标之间的横断面关联。
我们纳入了114,682名年龄≥18岁的荷兰成年人。通过食物频率问卷对乳制品消费进行量化。腹部超重定义为腰围（WC）≥88厘米（女性）或≥102厘米（男性）（n = 37,391），超重定义为体重指数（BMI）≥25至30千克/米²（n = 44,772），肥胖定义为BMI≥30千克/米²（n = 15,339）。通过逻辑回归（腹部超重，无/有）、多项逻辑回归（BMI定义的超重和肥胖）和线性回归分析（WC和BMI的连续测量值）对关联进行量化，并对相关协变量进行调整。全脂乳制品与腹部超重呈正相关（四分位数1对照四分位数5的比值比：1.09；95%置信区间：1.04 - 1.14），与BMI定义的超重呈正相关（四分位数5的比值比1.13；95%置信区间：1.08 - 1.18），与肥胖呈正相关（四分位数5的比值比1.09；95%置信区间：1.02 - 1.16）。脱脂、半脱脂和未发酵乳制品与超重类别也呈正相关。全脂乳制品与超重和肥胖呈负相关（肥胖的四分位数5的比值比：0.78；95%置信区间：0.73 - 0.83）。此外，观察到酸奶和乳蛋糕呈负相关，而牛奶、酪乳、调味酸奶饮料、奶酪和奶酪零食呈正相关。发酵乳制品、凝乳干酪和荷兰干酪与超重类别没有一致的关联。
全脂、脱脂、半脱脂和未发酵乳制品；牛奶；酪乳；调味酸奶饮料；全脂奶酪和奶酪零食与超重类别呈正相关，而全脂乳制品、乳蛋糕和酸奶与超重类别呈负相关。
