Macleod Catriona Ida
a Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction, Department of Psychology , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa.
Cult Health Sex. 2019 Jan;21(1):46-62. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1447687. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Theoretical refinement of the concept of reproductive justice has been called for. In this paper, I propose the use of a supportability reparative justice approach. Drawing on intra-categorical intersectionality, the supportability aspect starts from the event of a pregnancy to unravel the interwoven embodied and social realities implicated in women experiencing pregnancy as personally supportable/unsupportable, and socially supported/unsupported. The reparative justice aspect highlights the need for social repair in the case of unsupportable pregnancies and relies on Ernesto Verdeja's critical theory of reparative justice in which he outlines four reparative dimensions. Using abortion within the South African context, I show how this framework may be put to use: (1) the facilitation of autonomous decision-making (individual material dimension) requires understanding women within context, and less emphasis on individual-driven 'choice'; (2) the provision of legal, safe state-sponsored healthcare resources (collective material dimension) demands political will and abortion service provision to be regarded as a moral as well as a healthcare priority; (3) overcoming stigma and the spoiled identities (collective symbolic dimension) requires significant feminist action to deconstruct negative discourses and to foreground positive narratives; and (4) understanding individual lived experiences (individual symbolic dimension) means deep listening within the social dynamics of particular contexts.
人们呼吁对生殖正义的概念进行理论完善。在本文中，我提议采用一种可支持性修复正义的方法。基于范畴内的交叉性，可支持性方面从怀孕事件出发，去揭示女性在经历怀孕时所涉及的交织在一起的身体和社会现实，即个人层面上是否可获得支持以及社会层面上是否得到支持。修复正义方面强调在不可支持的怀孕情况下进行社会修复的必要性，并依赖于埃内斯托·韦尔迪哈的修复正义批判理论，他在该理论中概述了四个修复维度。以南非背景下的堕胎为例，我展示了这个框架如何得以应用：（1）促进自主决策（个体物质维度）需要在具体情境中理解女性，减少对个体驱动的“选择”的强调；（2）提供合法、安全的国家资助的医疗资源（集体物质维度）要求有政治意愿，并且将堕胎服务的提供视为道德以及医疗保健方面的优先事项；（3）克服耻辱感和受损身份（集体象征维度）需要大量的女权主义行动来解构负面话语并突出正面叙事；（4）理解个体的生活经历（个体象征维度）意味着在特定情境的社会动态中进行深入倾听。
