Palmović D
University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 'Dr Fran Mihaljevic', Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
J Infect. 1987 Nov;15(3):221-4. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(87)92603-x.
The efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) alone or combined with hepatitis B (HB) vaccine in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after accidental exposure to blood of HBV carriers was studied in a controlled trial. HBIg (0.06 ml/kg) was administered intramuscularly within 3 days after exposure to 56 recipients. A second dose was given 1 month later. In another group of 28 persons, a single dose of HBIg was given within 3 days followed by the first dose of HB vaccine (HEVAC-B Pasteur 10 micrograms) within 7 days after exposure. A control group consisted of 53 health care workers who reported more than 3 days after exposure and who did not receive any specific immuno-prophylaxis. The recipients were followed for at least 10 months. Immunisation, both passive and combined passive and active, was clearly effective since none of the recipients developed acute symptomatic HBV infection compared with four (8%) of 47 not immunised (Fisher's exact test P = 0.02). The number in each group immunised was too small to allow valid comparison of the relative efficacy of the two schedules. Nevertheless, in the absence of evidence of lesser efficacy for the combination of HBIg and HB vaccine after exposure, the combined passive/active schedule would seem the treatment of choice since it offers the additional benefit of long-term protection.
在一项对照试验中，研究了单独使用乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIg）或联合乙肝（HB）疫苗在预防意外接触乙肝病毒（HBV）携带者血液后感染HBV的疗效。在接触后3天内，对56名接受者肌内注射HBIg（0.06 ml/kg）。1个月后给予第二剂。在另一组28人中，在接触后3天内给予单剂HBIg，然后在接触后7天内给予第一剂HB疫苗（巴斯德公司生产的HEVAC - B 10微克）。一个对照组由53名医护人员组成，他们在接触后3天以上报告，且未接受任何特异性免疫预防。对接受者随访至少10个月。被动免疫以及被动和主动联合免疫显然是有效的，因为与47名未免疫者中的4名（8%）相比，接受免疫者中无一例发生急性症状性HBV感染（Fisher精确检验P = 0.02）。每组中接受免疫的人数太少，无法对两种方案的相对疗效进行有效比较。然而，在没有证据表明接触后HBIg与HB疫苗联合使用疗效较差的情况下，被动/主动联合方案似乎是首选治疗方法，因为它提供了长期保护的额外益处。
