Aherfi Sarah, Nappez Claude, Lepidi Hubert, Bedotto Marielle, Barassi Lina, Jardot Priscilla, Colson Philippe, La Scola Bernard, Raoult Didier, Bregeon Fabienne
Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Timone, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Marseille, France.
Laboratoire d'Anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Mar 21;9:463. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00463. eCollection 2018.
The presence of the giant virus of amoeba Marseillevirus has been identified at many different sites on the human body, including in the bloodstream of asymptomatic subjects, in the lymph nodes of a child with adenitis, in one adult with Hodgkin's disease, and in the pharynx of an adult. A high seroprevalence of the Marseillevirus has been recorded in the general population. Whether Marseillevirus can disseminate and persist within a mammal after entry remains unproven. We aimed to assess the ability of the virus to disseminate and persist into healthy organisms, especially in the lymphoid organs. Parenteral inoculations were performed by intraperitoneal injection (in rats and mice) or intravenous injection (in rats). Airway inoculation was performed by aerosolization (in mice). Dissemination and persistence were assessed by using PCR and amebal co-culture. Serologies were performed by immunofluorescent assay. Pathological examination was conducted after standard and immunohistochemistry staining. After intraperitoneal inoculation in mice and rats, Marseillevirus was detected in the bloodstream during the first 24 h. Persistence was noted until the end of the experiment, i.e., at 14 days in rats. After intravenous inoculation in rats, the virus was first detected in the blood until 48 h and then in deep organs with infectious virus detected until 14 and 21 days in the liver and the spleen, respectively. Its DNA was detected for up to 30 days in the liver and the spleen. After aerosolization in mice, infectious Marseillevirus was present in the lungs and nasal associated lymphoid tissue until 30 days post inoculation but less frequently and at a lower viral load in the lung than in the nasal associated lymphoid tissue. No other site of dissemination was found after aerosol exposure. Despite no evidence of disease being observed, the 30-day long persistence of Marseillevirus in rats and mice, regardless of the route of inoculation, supports the hypothesis of an infective potential of the virus in certain conditions. Its constant and long-term detection in nasal associated lymphoid tissue in mice after an aerosol exposure suggests the involvement of naso-pharyngeal associated lymphoid tissues in protecting the host against environmental Marseillevirus.
在人体的许多不同部位都已发现了变形虫马赛病毒这种巨型病毒，包括无症状受试者的血液中、一名患有腺炎儿童的淋巴结中、一名患有霍奇金病的成年人以及一名成年人的咽部。在普通人群中已记录到马赛病毒的高血清阳性率。马赛病毒进入哺乳动物后是否能够传播并持续存在仍未得到证实。我们旨在评估该病毒在健康生物体中，尤其是在淋巴器官中传播和持续存在的能力。通过腹腔注射（在大鼠和小鼠中）或静脉注射（在大鼠中）进行肠胃外接种。通过雾化（在小鼠中）进行气道接种。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和变形虫共培养来评估传播和持续存在情况。通过免疫荧光测定进行血清学检测。在标准染色和免疫组织化学染色后进行病理检查。在小鼠和大鼠腹腔接种后，在最初24小时内在血液中检测到马赛病毒。在实验结束前，即大鼠在14天时，均观察到病毒持续存在。在大鼠静脉接种后，病毒首先在血液中被检测到直至48小时，然后在深部器官中被检测到，在肝脏和脾脏中分别在14天和21天时检测到感染性病毒。在肝脏和脾脏中其DNA被检测到长达30天。在小鼠雾化接种后，感染性马赛病毒在肺部和鼻相关淋巴组织中一直存在直至接种后30天，但在肺部出现的频率较低且病毒载量低于鼻相关淋巴组织。雾化暴露后未发现其他传播部位。尽管未观察到疾病迹象，但无论接种途径如何，马赛病毒在大鼠和小鼠中长达30天的持续存在支持了该病毒在某些条件下具有感染潜力的假设。在小鼠雾化暴露后，在鼻相关淋巴组织中持续且长期检测到该病毒，表明鼻咽相关淋巴组织参与保护宿主抵御环境中的马赛病毒。
