Viscusi Chad D, Pacheco Garrett S
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2018 May;36(2):387-400. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.007. Epub 2018 Feb 10.
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has emerged as a powerful tool for the pediatric emergency management of acute respiratory failure (ARF). This therapy is safe and well tolerated and seems to frequently prevent both the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and the associated risks/complications. Although NIV can be the primary treatment of ARF resulting from multiple respiratory disease states, it must be meticulously monitored and, when unsuccessful, may aid in preoxygenation for prompt endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. The following article reviews the physiologic effects of NIV and its role in common respiratory diseases encountered in pediatric emergency medicine.
无创通气（NIV）已成为小儿急性呼吸衰竭（ARF）急诊处理的有力工具。这种治疗方法安全且耐受性良好，似乎常常能避免有创机械通气的需求及其相关风险/并发症。尽管NIV可以作为多种呼吸疾病所致ARF的主要治疗方法，但必须对其进行细致监测，而且在治疗失败时，它可能有助于预充氧以便迅速进行气管插管和有创机械通气。以下文章综述了NIV的生理效应及其在小儿急诊医学常见呼吸道疾病中的作用。
