Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre sur, 4° planta, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Org Biomol Chem. 2018 Apr 25;16(16):2955-2965. doi: 10.1039/c8ob00338f.
The fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum (Ta37) has a significant biocontrol application which has been related to the production of the trichothecene, harzianum A (2). Previous studies with a strain of T. arundinaceum which was blocked for the production of 2, revealed the existence of a chemical cross-regulation between the biocontrol fungus and its target organism. A study of the secondary metabolome of a single culture of a mutant of T. arundinaceum TaΔTri4 which produces trichothecene biosynthetic intermediates, has now been carried out. The production of secondary metabolites in a co-culture with the phytopathogen, Botrytis cinerea, was then analyzed. The mutant produced a larger quantity of the aspinolides B (6) and C (7) and other derivatives when compared to the wild type Ta37. Ten new metabolites were isolated: three aspinolides 12-14, the γ-lactones 15 and 16, two hemi-ketals 17 and 18 and three aspinolide degradation products, 19, 21 and 22. In the confrontation cultures involving the TaΔTri4 and the B. cinerea B05.10 strains, there was a higher production of the aspinolides B and C by the TaΔTri4 mutant while the production of the botryanes and botcinins by B. cinerea was reduced in the area of interaction between the cultures. These results shed light on the chemical cross-talk and ecological interactions between these fungi.
木霉（Trichoderma arundinaceum）（Ta37）具有重要的生物防治应用，这与产生活性物质 harzianum A（2）有关。先前的研究表明，一株产生活性物质 2 的木霉菌被阻断后，生物防治真菌与其靶标生物体之间存在化学交叉调控。现在已经对产生活性物质生物合成中间产物的突变株 T. arundinaceum TaΔTri4 的单一培养物的次生代谢组进行了研究。然后分析了与植物病原菌灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）共培养时次生代谢产物的产生情况。与野生型 Ta37 相比，突变体产生了更多的 aspinolide B（6）和 C（7）和其他衍生物。分离出了 10 种新代谢物：三种 aspinolide 12-14、γ-内酯 15 和 16、两种半缩酮 17 和 18 以及三种 aspinolide 降解产物 19、21 和 22。在涉及 TaΔTri4 和 B. cinerea B05.10 菌株的对峙培养中，突变株 TaΔTri4 产生了更多的 aspinolide B 和 C，而灰葡萄孢在培养物相互作用区域的 botryanes 和 botcinins 产量降低。这些结果阐明了这些真菌之间的化学交叉对话和生态相互作用。
