Deregulation of autophagy and vesicle trafficking in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the intracellular accumulation of α-synuclein in the Lewy bodies. While the pathogenic mechanisms of PD are poorly understood, many lines of evidence point to a role of altered autophagy and membrane trafficking in the development of the disease. Emerging studies show that connections between the deregulation of autophagy and synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking may contribute to PD. Here we review the evidence that many PD related-genes have roles in both autophagy and SV trafficking and examine how deregulation of these pathways contributes to PD pathogenesis. This review also discusses recent studies aimed at uncovering the role of PD-linked genes in autophagy-lysosome function.