Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F74, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS F74, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Jun 1;187:72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.017. Epub 2018 Mar 29.
We sought to describe the correlates of marijuana use during and after pregnancy, and to examine the independent relationship between prenatal marijuana use and infant outcomes.
We used state-specific data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (N = 9013) to describe correlates of self-reported prenatal and postpartum marijuana use. We estimated differences in mean infant birth weight and gestational age among prenatal marijuana users and nonusers, controlling for relevant covariates (i.e., cigarette smoking).
Respectively, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.8-4.7) and 6.8% (95% CI: 6.0-7.7) of women reported using marijuana during and after pregnancy. Compared to nonusers, prenatal marijuana users were more likely to be ≤24 years; non-Hispanic white, not married, have <12 years of education, have Medicaid/IHS/Other insurance, be on WIC during pregnancy, have annual household income <$20,000, cigarette smokers, and alcohol drinkers during pregnancy (p-values < 0.05). After adjustment, no differences in gestational age or birthweight were observed. Postpartum users were more likely to smoke cigarettes (48.7% vs. 20.3%), experience postpartum depressive symptoms (14.0% vs. 9.0%), and breastfeed for <8 weeks (34.9% vs. 18.1%).
Co-use of substances was common among prenatal and postpartum marijuana users. Prenatal marijuana use was not independently associated with lower average birthweight or gestational age. Postpartum marijuana use was associated with depressive symptoms and shorter breastfeeding duration. Surveillance of marijuana use among pregnant and postpartum women is critical to better understanding the relationship of marijuana use with birth outcomes, and postpartum experiences such as depression and breastfeeding.
本研究旨在描述孕期及产后使用大麻的相关因素，并探讨产前使用大麻与婴儿结局之间的独立关系。
我们使用来自妊娠风险评估监测系统（PRAMS）的州特异性数据，描述自我报告的产前和产后大麻使用情况的相关因素。我们控制了相关协变量（即吸烟），估计了产前大麻使用者和非使用者的婴儿出生体重和胎龄的差异。
分别有 4.2%（95%CI：3.8-4.7）和 6.8%（95%CI：6.0-7.7）的女性报告在孕期和产后使用过大麻。与非使用者相比，产前大麻使用者更年轻（≤24 岁）、非西班牙裔白人、未婚、受教育程度较低（<12 年）、有医疗补助/印第安卫生服务/其他保险、孕期参加 WIC、家庭年收入<20,000 美元、吸烟、孕期饮酒（p 值均<0.05）。调整后，胎龄或出生体重无差异。产后使用者更有可能吸烟（48.7% vs. 20.3%）、经历产后抑郁症状（14.0% vs. 9.0%）和母乳喂养<8 周（34.9% vs. 18.1%）。
产前和产后大麻使用者同时使用其他物质的情况很常见。产前使用大麻与平均出生体重或胎龄降低无关。产后使用大麻与抑郁症状和较短的母乳喂养时间有关。监测孕妇和产后妇女的大麻使用情况对于更好地了解大麻使用与生育结局的关系，以及产后抑郁和母乳喂养等经历至关重要。
