State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jul;238:823-832. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.105. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and water-soluble ions (WSIs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM) collected from an urban site, a rural e-waste recycling (e-waste) site, and a background site in South China. Generally, the WSI concentrations were highest at the e-waste site and comparable at the other sites and secondary species (SO, NH, and NO) were dominant components at the three sites. The compositions and seasonal variations of WSIs at the e-waste site were distinct from those in the urban and background areas suggesting significant influence of e-waste recycling on PM components. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) dominated the HFRs in PM from the e-waste site, and their concentrations (median = 883 pg/m) were significantly higher than those at the urban (375 pg/m) and background site (52.4 pg/m). However, novel decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the primary HFRs in the urban air, with noticeably elevated concentrations (median = 356 pg/m) compared to those in the other two areas (medians = 62.3 and 5.09 pg/m). The composition profiles of HFRs in the background air followed those in the e-waste areas, with substantial contributions of legacy chemicals. This was explained by the prevailing NE wind, which favored atmospheric transport of HFRs from the e-waste recycling area to the background area. Correlation analysis showed that most HFRs in the urban air are associated with Cl, implying an industrial emission sources. In the e-waste area, HFRs are associated with organic and elemental carbons (OC and EC) and K, confirming a common source of e-waste recycling. Significant correlations between HFRs and EC and Cl in the background air suggest that their occurrence in this region was attributed to both the e-waste and urban areas.
在中国南方的一个城市地区、一个农村电子废物回收（电子废物）地区和一个背景地区采集的细颗粒物（PM）中，研究了卤代阻燃剂（HFRs）和水溶性离子（WSIs）。一般来说，WSI 浓度在电子废物地区最高，而在其他地区相当，并且二次物种（SO、NH 和 NO）是三个地区的主要成分。电子废物地区的 WSIs 组成和季节性变化与城市和背景地区明显不同，表明电子废物回收对 PM 成分有重大影响。多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）在电子废物地区的 PM 中占主导地位，其浓度（中位数=883 pg/m）明显高于城市地区（375 pg/m）和背景地区（52.4 pg/m）。然而，新型十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）是城市空气中的主要 HFRs，其浓度明显升高（中位数=356 pg/m），与其他两个地区相比（中位数分别为 62.3 和 5.09 pg/m）。背景空气中 HFRs 的组成分布与电子废物地区相似，主要由传统化学品组成。这是由于东北风盛行，有利于 HFRs 从电子废物回收区向背景区的大气传输。相关分析表明，城市空气中的大多数 HFRs 与 Cl 相关，表明存在工业排放源。在电子废物地区，HFRs 与有机和元素碳（OC 和 EC）和 K 相关，证实了电子废物回收的共同来源。背景空气中 HFRs 与 EC 和 Cl 之间的显著相关性表明，它们在该地区的存在归因于电子废物和城市地区。
