Effects of lidocaine and the inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on cell viability and proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant disease that affects the oral cavity. Lidocaine has shown antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity on several cell types. The rapid dispersion is a limitation issue; however, the complexation in cyclodextrin improved pharmacological features and modified the drug release. This study investigated the effects of lidocaine (lido) complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD-lido) on cell viability and proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC9 and SCC25.

METHODS

The complex formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells SCC9 and SCC25 were exposed to lido and HP-β-CD-lido (40-4000 μm), and the effects on cell viability (MTT) and antiproliferative activity (SRB) were tested.

KEY FINDINGS

Differential scanning calorimetry and SEM results demonstrated the occurrence of host-guest interaction. Lido and HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) significantly reduced the viability of SCC9 cells to 83% and 63%, respectively. The viability of SCC25 treated with lido, and HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) was 71% and 44%, respectively. Lido (4000 μm) reduced the proliferation of SCC9 and SCC25 to 39.5% and 23.7%, respectively. HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) was cytotoxic for both cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS

HP-β-CD was able to potentiate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of lidocaine on human squamous cell carcinoma.