Everaert Maarten, da Silva Rodrigo C, Degryse Fien, McLaughlin Mike J, Smolders Erik
J Environ Qual. 2018 Mar;47(2):371-377. doi: 10.2134/jeq2017.07.0282.
The enrichment of P in surface waters has been linked to P runoff from agricultural fields amended with fertilizers. Novel slow-release mineral fertilizers, such as struvite and P-exchanged layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have received increasing attention for P recycling from waste streams, and these fertilizers may potentially reduce the risk of runoff losses. Here, a rainfall simulation experiment was performed to evaluate P runoff associated with the application of recycled slow-release fertilizers relative to that of a soluble fertilizer. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), struvite, and LDH granular fertilizers were broadcasted at equal total P doses on soil packed in trays (5% slope) and covered with perennial ryegrass ( L.). Four rainfall simulation events of 30 min were performed at 1, 5, 15, and 30 d after the fertilizer application. Runoff water from the trays was collected, filtered, and analyzed for dissolved P. For the MAP treatment, P runoff losses were high in the first two rain events and leveled off in later rain events. In total, 42% of the applied P in the MAP treatment was lost due to runoff. In the slow-release fertilizer treatments, P runoff losses were limited to 1.9 (struvite) and 2.4% (LDH) of the applied doses and were more similar over the different rain events. The use of these novel P fertilizer forms could be beneficial in areas with a high risk of surface water eutrophication and a history of intensive fertilization.
地表水中磷的富集与施用化肥的农田的磷径流有关。新型缓释矿物肥料，如鸟粪石和磷交换层状双氢氧化物（LDH），在从废水中回收磷方面受到越来越多的关注，这些肥料可能会降低径流损失的风险。在此，进行了一项降雨模拟实验，以评估与可溶性肥料相比，回收缓释肥料施用过程中产生的磷径流。将磷酸一铵（MAP）、鸟粪石和LDH颗粒肥料以相等的总磷剂量播撒在装在托盘（坡度5%）中的土壤上，并覆盖多年生黑麦草（L.）。施肥后第1、5、15和30天进行了4次30分钟的降雨模拟事件。收集托盘的径流水，过滤后分析溶解磷。对于MAP处理，前两次降雨事件中的磷径流损失较高，而在随后的降雨事件中趋于平稳。总的来说，MAP处理中42%的施用磷因径流而损失。在缓释肥料处理中，磷径流损失限制在施用量的1.9%（鸟粪石）和2.4%（LDH），并且在不同降雨事件中更为相似。在地表水富营养化风险高且有密集施肥历史的地区，使用这些新型磷肥形式可能是有益的。
