Department of Surgery, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, NY, United States.
Department of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
J Safety Res. 2018 Feb;64:83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.010. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Evaluating age-specific fall characteristics is important for prevention programs. The aim was to characterize fallers who presented to our trauma center. We hypothesized that fall characteristics and outcomes would vary with age.
Data were retrospectively collected from the trauma registry and electronic medical records during January 1st, 2014-December 31st, 2015. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test with Yates' continuity correction and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test.
There were 1541 fallers, 814 (52.8%) were male. Ages ranged from 11 months to 100years. The admission rate was high at 86%, with an average hospital stay of 5.7days. Patients in the 0-18 and 19-45age groups spent significantly less time in the hospital (p<0.0001). Elderly patients had the highest average injury severity score (p<0.0001). However, the youngest patients required surgery more often (p=0.0004). The overall mortality rate was 3.6% and 52.8% were male. The mortality rate increased with age, from 0% for the 0-18 age group to 6.9% for patients ≥65years of age. Remarkably, fallers in the 19-45 and 46-64age groups predominantly died from ground level falls even though the average fall height in these groups was the highest (p<0.0001). More fallers in the 19-45 and 46-64age groups tested positive for alcohol/drug use (p<0.0001). Middle-aged and elderly patients were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing or rehabilitation facility compared to younger patients who were discharged home.
Fall characteristics and outcomes varied with age. Data on age-specific characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors of falls will help in developing targeted interventions and may lead to better approaches to treat patients.
评估特定年龄段的跌倒特征对于预防计划很重要。本研究旨在描述就诊于我们创伤中心的跌倒患者的特征。我们假设跌倒特征和结果会随年龄而变化。
本研究回顾性收集了 2014 年 1 月 1 日至 2015 年 12 月 31 日期间创伤登记处和电子病历中的数据。采用卡方检验（Yates 连续性校正）和单因素方差分析（Bonferroni 多重比较检验）进行数据分析。
共有 1541 名跌倒患者，814 名（52.8%）为男性。年龄范围为 11 个月至 100 岁。入院率较高，为 86%，平均住院时间为 5.7 天。0-18 岁和 19-45 岁年龄组的患者住院时间明显较短（p<0.0001）。老年患者的平均损伤严重程度评分最高（p<0.0001）。然而，最年轻的患者更常需要手术（p=0.0004）。总体死亡率为 3.6%，52.8%为男性。死亡率随年龄增长而增加，从 0-18 岁年龄组的 0%增加至≥65 岁年龄组的 6.9%。值得注意的是，19-45 岁和 46-64 岁年龄组的跌倒患者主要死于地面高度的跌倒，尽管这些组的平均跌倒高度最高（p<0.0001）。19-45 岁和 46-64 岁年龄组的跌倒患者中，更多的人检测出酒精/药物使用呈阳性（p<0.0001）。与年轻患者出院回家相比，中年和老年患者更有可能出院到专业护理或康复机构。
跌倒特征和结果随年龄而变化。特定年龄的跌倒特征、结果和危险因素的数据将有助于制定有针对性的干预措施，并可能为治疗患者提供更好的方法。
