Silva Juliana Marisa Teruel Silveira da, Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço, Rossaneis Mariana Angela, Vannuchi Marli Terezinha Oliveira, Marcon Sonia Silva
Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.
Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2017;38(3):e68767. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2017.03.68767. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Objective To analyze the factors associated with the risk of ulceration in the feet of people with diabetes mellitus living in rural areas. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 293 individuals with diabetes mellitus, aged 40 years or older, living in the south of Brazil, in 2014. We analyzed socioeconomic variables, clinical conditions and foot self-care. We used the Poisson multiple regression model and the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and p-value<0.05 as a measure of association. Results 43.7% of the sample presented risk of foot ulceration. The highest prevalence of foot ulceration risk was associated with people with lower purchasing power (PRadjusted=1.62/IC95%:1.52-2.22), with retinopathy (PRadjusted=1.30/IC95%:1.12-1.68) and alteration in foot moisture (PRadjusted=1.57/IC95%:1.22-2.01). We identified low education level (64.2%), high prevalence of arterial hypertension (86.3%) and onychomycosis in the feet (72%). Conclusions Diabetic patients need an assessment of the risk of foot ulceration, especially those with longer diagnosis, chronic complications and low socio-educational level.
目的 分析巴西南部农村地区糖尿病患者足部溃疡风险的相关因素。方法 这是一项横断面研究，于2014年对巴西南部293名年龄在40岁及以上的糖尿病患者进行。我们分析了社会经济变量、临床状况和足部自我护理情况。我们使用泊松多元回归模型，以患病率比（PR）和p值<0.05作为关联度量。结果 43.7%的样本存在足部溃疡风险。足部溃疡风险的最高患病率与购买力较低的人群（调整后的PR=1.62/95%置信区间：1.52 - 2.22）、视网膜病变（调整后的PR=1.30/95%置信区间：1.12 - 1.68）以及足部湿度改变（调整后的PR=1.57/95%置信区间：1.22 - 2.01）有关。我们发现教育水平低（64.2%）、动脉高血压患病率高（86.3%）以及足部甲癣患病率高（72%）。结论 糖尿病患者需要评估足部溃疡风险，尤其是那些诊断时间较长、有慢性并发症且社会教育水平较低的患者。
