Santarossa Sara, Kane Deborah, Senn Charlene Y, Woodruff Sarah J
Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
J Med Internet Res. 2018 Apr 11;20(4):e144. doi: 10.2196/jmir.8480.
The growth of the digital environment provides tremendous opportunities to revolutionize health behavior change efforts. This paper explores the use of Web-based, mobile, and social media health behavior change interventions and determines whether there is a need for a face-to-face or an in-person component. It is further argued that that although in-person components can be beneficial for online interventions, a digital person-to-person component can foster similar results while dealing with challenges faced by traditional intervention approaches. Using a digital person-to-person component is rooted in social and behavioral theories such as the theory of reasoned action, and the social cognitive theory, and further justified by the human support constructs of the model of supportive accountability. Overall, face-to-face and online behavior change interventions have their respective advantages and disadvantages and functions, yet both serve important roles. It appears that it is in fact human support that is the most important component in the effectiveness and adherence of both face-to-face and online behavior change interventions, and thoughtfully introducing a digital person-to-person component, to replace face-to-face interactions, can provide the needed human support while diminishing the barriers of in-person meetings. The digital person-to-person component must create accountability, generate opportunities for tailored feedback, and create social support to successfully create health behavior change. As the popularity of the online world grows, and the interest in using the digital environment for health behavior change interventions continues to be embraced, further research into not only the use of online interventions, but the use of a digital person-to-person component, must be explored.
数字环境的发展为彻底改变健康行为改变努力提供了巨大机遇。本文探讨了基于网络、移动和社交媒体的健康行为改变干预措施的使用情况，并确定是否需要面对面或亲身参与的部分。进一步论证的是，虽然面对面部分对在线干预可能有益，但数字人际部分在应对传统干预方法所面临的挑战时可以产生类似的效果。使用数字人际部分植根于诸如理性行动理论和社会认知理论等社会和行为理论，并通过支持性问责模型的人际支持结构得到进一步证明。总体而言，面对面和在线行为改变干预各有其优缺点和功能，但两者都发挥着重要作用。事实上，人际支持似乎是面对面和在线行为改变干预的有效性和依从性中最重要的组成部分，并且深思熟虑地引入数字人际部分以取代面对面互动，可以在减少面对面会议障碍的同时提供所需的人际支持。数字人际部分必须建立问责制，创造量身定制反馈的机会，并建立社会支持，以成功实现健康行为改变。随着网络世界的日益普及，以及利用数字环境进行健康行为改变干预的兴趣持续升温，不仅要进一步研究在线干预的使用，还要研究数字人际部分的使用。
