Kessler Foundation.
School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College.
Rehabil Psychol. 2019 Feb;64(1):50-64. doi: 10.1037/rep0000207. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Anosognosia for spatial neglect (ASN) can be offline or online. Offline ASN is general unawareness of having experienced spatial deficits. Online ASN is an awareness deficit of underestimating spatial difficulties that likely to occur in an upcoming task (anticipatory ASN) or have just occurred during the task (emergent ASN). We explored the relationships among spatial neglect, offline ASN, anticipatory ASN, and emergent ASN. Research Method/Design: Forty-four survivors of stroke answered questionnaires assessing offline and online self-awareness of spatial problems. The online questionnaire was asked immediately before and after each of 4 tests for spatial neglect, including shape cancellation, address and sentence copying, telephone dialing, and indented paragraph reading.
Participants were certain they had difficulties in daily spatial tasks (offline awareness), in the task they were about to perform (anticipatory awareness) and had just performed (emergent awareness). Nonetheless, they consistently overestimated their spatial abilities, indicating ASN. Offline and online ASN appeared independent. Online ASN improved after task execution. Neglect severity was not positively correlated with offline ASN. Greater neglect severity correlated with both greater anticipatory and emergent ASN. Regardless of neglect severity, we found task-specific differences in emergent ASN but not in anticipatory ASN.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Individuals with spatial neglect acknowledge their spatial difficulty (certainty of error occurrence) but may not necessarily recognize the extent of their difficulty (accuracy of error estimation). Our findings suggest that offline and online ASN are independent. A potential implication from the study is that familiar and challenging tasks may facilitate emergence of self-awareness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
目的/目标：空间忽略性失认（ASN）可分为离线或在线。离线 ASN 是对经历过空间缺陷的一般无意识。在线 ASN 是对即将发生的任务中低估空间困难的意识缺陷（预期 ASN）或在任务中刚刚发生的空间困难的意识缺陷（突发 ASN）。我们探讨了空间忽视、离线 ASN、预期 ASN 和突发 ASN 之间的关系。
研究方法/设计：44 名中风幸存者回答了评估空间问题离线和在线自我意识的问卷。在线问卷在 4 项空间忽视测试（形状取消、地址和句子复制、电话拨号和缩进段落阅读）的每一项测试之前和之后立即询问。
参与者肯定他们在日常空间任务中（离线意识）、即将执行的任务（预期意识）和刚刚执行的任务（突发意识）中都遇到了困难。尽管如此，他们仍然一致地高估了自己的空间能力，表明存在 ASN。离线和在线 ASN 似乎是独立的。在线 ASN 在任务执行后得到改善。忽视严重程度与离线 ASN 无正相关。更大的忽视严重程度与更大的预期和突发 ASN 相关。无论忽视严重程度如何，我们发现突发 ASN 存在特定任务的差异，但预期 ASN 没有。
结论/意义：有空间忽视的个体承认他们的空间困难（错误发生的确定性），但不一定认识到他们的困难程度（错误估计的准确性）。我们的研究结果表明，离线和在线 ASN 是独立的。这项研究的一个潜在意义是，熟悉和具有挑战性的任务可能有助于自我意识的出现。
