Estradiol-stimulated turnover of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse uterine epithelium.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and dermatan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans may be extracted from the uterine epithelium of immature mice by a 1-min exposure of the luminal surface of excised uteri to 1% Nonidet P-40 detergent. In mice that are treated with estradiol there is a marked increase in free heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan in the extract. (a) By Sepharose exclusion chromatography the [35S]sulfate-labeled major HSPG had a nominal Mr of 200-250 X 10(3), consisting of a core protein of about 80-90 X 10(3) Mr with about 8-10 heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains (Mr = 13 X 10(3)). The HSPG had a lower bouyant density (less than 1.45 g/ml) than the dermatan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and was heterogeneous, as was evident in the fact that HSPG attained equilibrium over a wide range of CsCl densities and also showed nonuniform interaction with octyl-Sepharose. (b) Virtually all of the major HSPG was removed when the epithelium was isolated by proteolysis, indicating a cell surface localization. A smaller, less prominent HSPG (nominal Mr = 80 X 10(3)) was synthesized during the first 2 h after isolation. (c) Label and chase experiments with and without chloroquine showed that virtually all of the free heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains derived from endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of the plasma membrane-associated HSPG. We conclude that estradiol stimulates endocytosis of HSPG, predominantly from the basolateral epithelial surface and suggest that this HSPG turnover may reflect changes associated with blastocyst attachment and invasion of the endometrium.