FUB - Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, CH-8640, Rapperswil, Switzerland.
WSL - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Aug;239:169-178. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.063. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Intensification of farming and an increase in motorised traffic have led to elevated nitrogen (N) emissions and thus to eutrophication of the environment, which threatens the nutrient balance in ecosystems. Earlier studies have demonstrated the suitability of mosses as biomonitors for measuring N deposition by comparing the N concentration in moss with that in precipitation. In our study however, we extended the comparison to the dry deposition of gases (nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, ammonia) and aerosols (nitrate, ammonium), which, together with the N in precipitation, represent the main contributions to total N deposition. The aim of including several N compounds was to see whether the correlation with the N concentration in moss could be improved. We determined total N input from the atmosphere to the ecosystem at 24 sites in Switzerland and compared this value to the N concentration in two moss species collected <1000 m from these sites. Including the gases and aerosols improved the correlation between the N concentration in moss and N deposition. Ammonia was found to be the most important of the additionally included compounds at these sites. Especially at sites with a relatively high ammonia concentration in the air, the inclusion of ammonia improved the correlation of the comparison. We also demonstrate that the particular moss species tested had no influence on the correlation between N in moss and total N deposition. Our data supports the suitability of mosses as biomonitors for estimating N input into ecosystems.
农业集约化和机动车数量的增加导致了氮（N）排放的增加，从而导致环境富营养化，威胁到生态系统的养分平衡。早期的研究已经证明了苔藓作为测量 N 沉积的生物监测器的适用性，方法是将苔藓中的 N 浓度与降水中的 N 浓度进行比较。然而，在我们的研究中，我们将比较范围扩展到了气体（二氧化氮、硝酸、氨）和气溶胶（硝酸盐、铵）的干沉积，这些物质与降水中的 N 一起构成了总 N 沉积的主要贡献。将几种 N 化合物纳入比较的目的是观察与苔藓中 N 浓度的相关性是否可以得到改善。我们在瑞士的 24 个地点确定了大气向生态系统输入的总 N，并将该值与距离这些地点<1000m 处采集的两种苔藓物种中的 N 浓度进行了比较。包括气体和气溶胶提高了苔藓中 N 浓度与 N 沉积之间的相关性。在这些地点，氨被发现是另外加入的化合物中最重要的一种。特别是在空气中氨浓度相对较高的地点，加入氨提高了比较的相关性。我们还证明，所测试的特定苔藓物种对苔藓中 N 与总 N 沉积之间的相关性没有影响。我们的数据支持了苔藓作为生物监测器来估计生态系统中 N 输入的适用性。
