SINTEF Ocean, Dept. of Environment and New Resources, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
SINTEF Ocean, Dept. of Environment and New Resources, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
Chemosphere. 2018 Aug;204:87-91. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.032. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
Hydrocarbon biodegradation may be slower in cold Arctic than in temperate seawater, and this will affect the toxicity time window of the hydrocarbons. In this study, the acute toxicities of water-soluble phases of 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and low energy water-accommodated fractions (LE-WAFs) of an evaporated (200 °C+) crude oil, were screened by a Microtox bioassay during biodegradation in cold seawater (4-5 °C). The water-solubility of fluoranthene was too low to provoke a toxic response at any time, whereas the toxicity of 1,3-dimethylnaphthalene and phenanthrene decreased over time in relation to biotransformation of these compounds. In LE-WAFs, the Microtox EC was associated with biodegradation of the predominant hydrocarbons (naphthalenes, 2- to 3-ring PAH), as well as with phenol degradation products. The acute toxicities of single hydrocarbons and LE-WAFs persisted for a longer period in the cold seawater than previously shown at higher seawater temperatures. These results suggest implications for fate and effects assessment of hydrocarbons after oil spills in cold environments, like the Arctic. However, further biodegradation studies using Arctic seawater and relevant species for toxicity testing are needed for confirmation.
在寒冷的北极，碳氢化合物的生物降解速度可能比在温带海水中慢，这将影响碳氢化合物的毒性时间窗口。在这项研究中，通过 Microtox 生物测定法，在冷水（4-5°C）中进行生物降解时，筛选了 1,3-二甲基萘、荧蒽、芘和蒸发（200°C+）原油的低能量水容纳馏分（LE-WAFs）的水溶性相的急性毒性。荧蒽的水溶性太低，在任何时间都不会引起毒性反应，而 1,3-二甲基萘和荧蒽的毒性随着这些化合物的生物转化而随时间降低。在 LE-WAFs 中，Microtox EC 与主要碳氢化合物（萘、2-3 环 PAH）的生物降解以及苯酚降解产物有关。在冷海水中，单一碳氢化合物和 LE-WAFs 的急性毒性比以前在较高海水温度下持续的时间更长。这些结果表明，在寒冷环境（如北极）发生溢油事故后，对碳氢化合物的命运和影响评估具有重要意义。然而，需要使用北极海水和相关物种进行进一步的生物降解研究来进行确认。
