Visser Marike, Oster Seth C
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Auburn University, 1010 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, Auburn University, 1500 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2018 May;21(2):183-194. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2018.01.002.
Lack of species-specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data is a challenge for pharmaceutical and dose selection. If available, dose extrapolation can be accomplished via basic equations. If unavailable, several methods have been described. Linear scaling uses an established milligrams per kilograms dose based on weight. This does not allow for differences in species drug metabolism, sometimes resulting in toxicity. Allometric scaling correlates body weight and metabolic rate but fails for drugs with significant hepatic metabolism and cannot be extrapolated to avians or reptiles. Evidence-based veterinary medicine for dose design based on species similarity is discussed, considering physiologic differences between classes.
缺乏特定物种的药代动力学和药效学数据是药物研发和剂量选择面临的一项挑战。若有相关数据，可通过基本公式进行剂量外推。若数据不可得，则有多种方法可供描述。线性缩放法是根据体重使用既定的每千克毫克剂量。但这种方法没有考虑到物种间药物代谢的差异，有时会导致毒性。体表面积缩放法将体重与代谢率相关联，但对于具有显著肝脏代谢的药物并不适用，也无法外推至鸟类或爬行动物。本文讨论了基于物种相似性进行剂量设计的循证兽医学，同时考虑了不同类别动物之间的生理差异。
