Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Apr 14;190(5):281. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6648-9.
Heavy metals are among the priority pollutants which may have toxic effects on receiving water bodies. They are detected in most of samples of stormwater runoff, but the concentrations are very variable. This paper presents results of study on the amount of heavy metals discharged from urban catchment in Lodz (Poland) in 2011-2013. The research was carried out to identify the most important sources of their emission and to assess the threats to receiving water quality and opportunities of their limitation. The city is equipped with a combined sewerage in the center with 18 combined sewer overflows and with separate system in other parts. Stormwater and wastewater from both systems are discharged into 18 small urban rivers. There is a need of restoration of water bodies in the city. Research results indicate that the main issue is high emission of heavy metals, especially zinc and copper, contained in stormwater. Annual mass loads (g/ha/year) from separate system were 1629 for Zn and 305 for Cu. It was estimated that about 48% of the annual load of Zn, 38% of Cu, 61% of Pb, and 40% of Cd discharged into receiving water came from separate system, respectively 4% of Zn and Cu, 10% of Pb and 11% of Cd from CSOs, and the remaining part from wastewater treatment plant. Effective reduction of heavy metals loads discharged into receiving water requires knowledge of sources and emissions for each catchment. Obtained data may indicate the need to apply centralized solution or decentralized by source control.
重金属是优先污染物之一，可能对受纳水体产生毒性影响。它们存在于大多数雨水径流样本中，但浓度变化很大。本文介绍了 2011 年至 2013 年期间罗兹（波兰）城市集水区排放重金属的数量研究结果。开展该研究是为了确定其排放的主要来源，并评估对受纳水质的威胁和限制的机会。该市在中心区配备了合流制下水道，有 18 个合流制污水溢流口，其他地区则采用分流制系统。两种系统的雨水和污水都排入 18 条小型城市河流。该市需要恢复水体。研究结果表明，主要问题是含有重金属的雨水排放量很高，特别是锌和铜。分流制系统的年质量负荷（g/ha/年）分别为锌 1629g 和铜 305g。据估计，排入受纳水体的锌年负荷的约 48%、铜的 38%、铅的 61%和镉的 40%来自分流制系统，锌和铜分别为 4%、铅为 10%、镉为 11%来自 CSOs，其余部分来自污水处理厂。要有效减少排入受纳水体的重金属负荷，需要了解每个集水区的来源和排放情况。获得的数据可能表明需要应用集中式解决方案或按来源进行分散式控制。
