Alt Murphy Margit, Murphy Steve, Persson Hanna C, Bergström Ulla-Britt, Sunnerhagen Katharina Stibrant
Institution of Neuroscience and Physiology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Departement of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital;
Securesoft Sweden.
J Vis Exp. 2018 Mar 28(133):57228. doi: 10.3791/57228.
Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for objective assessment of upper extremity movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Three-dimensional motion capture with an optoelectronic camera system is considered as golden standard for kinematic movement analysis and is increasingly used as outcome measure to evaluate the movement performance and quality after an injury or disease involving upper extremity movements. This article describes a standardized protocol for kinematic analysis of drinking task applied in individuals with upper extremity impairments after stroke. The drinking task incorporates reaching, grasping and lifting a cup from a table to take a drink, placing the cup back, and moving the hand back to the edge of the table. The sitting position is standardized to the individual's body size and the task is performed in a comfortable self-paced speed and compensatory movements are not constrained. The intention is to keep the task natural and close to a real-life situation to improve the ecological validity of the protocol. A 5-camera motion capture system is used to gather 3D coordinate positions from 9 retroreflective markers positioned on anatomical landmarks of the arm, trunk, and face. A simple single marker placement is used to ensure the feasibility of the protocol in clinical settings. Custom-made Matlab software provides automated and fast analyses of movement data. Temporal kinematics of movement time, velocity, peak velocity, time of peak velocity, and smoothness (number of movement units) along with spatial angular kinematics of shoulder and elbow joint as well as trunk movements are calculated. The drinking task is a valid assessment for individuals with moderate and mild upper extremity impairment. The construct, discriminative and concurrent validity along with responsiveness (sensitivity to change) of the kinematic variables obtained from the drinking task have been established.
运动学分析是一种在三维（3D）空间中客观评估上肢运动的强大方法。使用光电摄像系统进行的三维运动捕捉被视为运动学运动分析的黄金标准，并越来越多地用作评估指标，以评估涉及上肢运动的损伤或疾病后的运动表现和质量。本文描述了一种用于中风后上肢功能障碍个体饮水任务运动学分析的标准化方案。饮水任务包括从桌子上拿起、握住并举起杯子喝水，将杯子放回原处，以及将手移回桌子边缘。坐姿根据个体身体尺寸进行标准化，任务以舒适的自定节奏速度进行，且不限制代偿性动作。目的是使任务自然且接近现实生活情况，以提高该方案的生态效度。使用一个5摄像头运动捕捉系统从位于手臂、躯干和面部解剖标志点上的9个反光标记收集三维坐标位置。采用简单的单标记放置方法以确保该方案在临床环境中的可行性。定制的Matlab软件可对运动数据进行自动快速分析。计算运动时间、速度、峰值速度、峰值速度时间和平滑度（运动单元数量）的时间运动学，以及肩关节、肘关节和躯干运动的空间角运动学。饮水任务对于轻度和中度上肢功能障碍个体是一种有效的评估方法。已确立了从饮水任务中获得的运动学变量的结构效度、区分效度和同时效度以及反应性（对变化的敏感性）。
