Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Geomicrobiology, Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Center for Geomicrobiology, Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
J Hazard Mater. 2018 Jul 5;353:127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.051. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
The risk of oil spills in cold marine environments is expected to increase in response to trans-Arctic shipping and as Arctic oil reserves get exploited. Marine hydrocarbon-degrading microbes can reduce the impact of spilled hydrocarbons, but their degradation capabilities at low temperature are yet to be uncovered. We combined DNA amplicon sequencing and chemometrics to investigate the effect of decreasing temperature (0-15 °C) on the succession and function of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in seawater. The bacterial community and degradation patterns were investigated at time points when a similar amount of hydrocarbons was mineralised at the different temperatures. This allowed decomposing the effect of temperature into a main component related to the reduced microbial activity at low temperature and a secondary effect. The reduced microbial activity at low temperature delayed the microbial community succession and degradation rates. The secondary effect of temperature was most pronounced at 0 °C, where (1) degradation of the least water-soluble n-alkanes (>C12) was suppressed in contrast to a relative stronger degradation of the most water-soluble n-alkanes (<C12) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and (2) bacterial taxa which we identified as psychrosensitive were inhibited, whereas taxa identified as psychrophilic flourished.
随着北极地区航运的增加以及北极地区石油储量的开发，预计寒冷海洋环境中的溢油风险将会增加。海洋碳氢化合物降解微生物可以减轻溢油的影响，但它们在低温下的降解能力尚未被发现。我们结合 DNA 扩增子测序和化学计量学方法，研究了温度降低（0-15°C）对海水中碳氢化合物降解细菌的演替和功能的影响。在不同温度下相同数量的碳氢化合物被矿化时，我们对细菌群落和降解模式进行了研究。这使得我们可以将温度的影响分解为与低温下微生物活性降低相关的主要成分和次要成分。低温下微生物活性的降低延迟了微生物群落的演替和降解速率。温度的次要影响在 0°C 时最为明显，在 0°C 时：（1）与最易溶于水的正烷烃（<C12）相比，最难溶于水的正烷烃（>C12）和多环芳烃的降解受到抑制；（2）我们鉴定为嗜冷的细菌类群受到抑制，而鉴定为耐寒的细菌类群则大量繁殖。
