Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Dipartimento dell'Innovazione Industriale e Digitale - Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica (DIID), Università di Palermo (UNIPA) - viale delle Scienze Ed.6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jul 1;217:871-887. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.110. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
The performance of a Reverse ElectroDialysis (RED) system fed by unconventional wastewater solutions for long operational periods is analysed for the first time. The experimental campaign was divided in a series of five independent long-runs which combined real wastewater solutions with artificial solutions for at least 10 days. The time evolution of electrical variables, gross power output and net power output, considering also pumping losses, was monitored: power density values obtained during the long-runs are comparable to those found in literature with artificial feed solutions of similar salinity. The increase in pressure drops and the development of membrane fouling were the main detrimental factors of system performance. Pressure drops increase was related to the physical obstruction of the feed channels defined by the spacers, while membrane fouling was related to the adsorption of foulants over the membrane surfaces. In order to manage channels partial clogging and fouling, different kinds of easily implemented in situ backwashings (i.e. neutral, acid, alkaline) were adopted, without the need for an abrupt interruption of the RED unit operation. The application of periodic ElectroDialysis (ED) pulses is also tested as fouling prevention strategy. The results collected suggest that RED can be used to produce electric power by unworthy wastewaters, but additional studies are still needed to characterize better membrane fouling and further improve system performance with these solutions.
首次分析了采用非常规废水溶液长时间运行的反向电渗析（RED）系统的性能。实验分为五个独立的长运行阶段，这些阶段将实际废水溶液与人工溶液结合使用，至少持续 10 天。监测了电变量、总功率输出和净功率输出的时间演变，同时还考虑了泵送损失：在长运行期间获得的功率密度值与使用类似盐度的人工进料溶液在文献中找到的值相当。压降的增加和膜污染的发展是系统性能的主要不利因素。压降的增加与由间隔物定义的进料通道的物理阻塞有关，而膜污染与膜表面上污染物的吸附有关。为了管理通道的部分堵塞和污染，可以采用不同类型的易于实施的原位反冲洗（即中性、酸性、碱性），而无需突然中断 RED 单元操作。还测试了周期性电渗析（ED）脉冲作为防污策略的应用。收集的结果表明，RED 可用于利用劣质废水发电，但仍需要进一步研究以更好地表征膜污染，并进一步改善这些溶液的系统性能。
