Green M, Tafazal H, Swati B, Vidya R
Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Wolverhampton Hospital, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, United Kingdom.
Clin Anat. 2018 Jul;31(5):684-687. doi: 10.1002/ca.23186. Epub 2018 Apr 6.
The lymphatic drainage for the majority of primary breast tumors is to the axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). Some, however, drain to the so-called extra-axillary basins, namely the internal mammary, supra- and infraclavicular regions. Another potential drainage route includes the intramammary lymph nodes (IMLNs). Current guidance suggests IMLNs should be considered as part of the axillary group, potentially affecting axillary management. However, due to evolution in imaging and advancement in technology, IMLNs may now be distinguished more accurately pre-operatively. There are currently no published guidelines for the management of IMLNs in the United Kingdom. The authors suggest that it is time to reclassify IMLNs as a separate focus of cancer and treat it as a separate entity. Clin. Anat. 31:684-687, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
