Dias Cintia M M, Rosa Luiz P, Gomez Jose M A, D'Avignon Alexandre
Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento do Programa de Planejamento Energético e Ambiental (COPPE/PPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Horácio Macedo, 2030, Bloco C, Sala 211, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-450 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., Diretoria de Refino e Gás Natural, Avenida Henrique Valadares, 28, Torre A, 10º andar, 20231-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2018 Apr-Jun;90(2):1337-1367. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170590. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
Sanitation (which includes national public policies for drinking water, sewage services and waste management) is precarious in Brazil and therefore poses a challenge to a range of actors. Poor sanitation impacts public health, education, the environment, and daily life. Globally, it emits increasing greenhouse gases. Universalization of any major public service appears difficult, if not impossible; however, Brazil's program to universalize access to electricity proves the opposite, as will be shown in this paper. By describing the successful implementation of electricity for everyone, we show that planned public efforts, coordinated with private initiatives and local communities, have worked, and the same can be achieved for the sanitation sector. An overview of all sectors that touch on sanitation and emissions is also provided, highlighting the challenges and possibilities for infrastructure projects.
在巴西，卫生设施（包括关于饮用水、污水处理服务和废物管理的国家公共政策）状况不佳，因此对一系列行为主体构成了挑战。卫生条件差会影响公众健康、教育、环境和日常生活。在全球范围内，它还排放越来越多的温室气体。普及任何一项主要公共服务似乎都很困难，甚至不可能；然而，巴西的全民通电计划却证明了相反的情况，本文将对此进行阐述。通过描述全民通电计划的成功实施，我们表明，与私人倡议和当地社区相协调的有计划的公共努力已经取得了成效，卫生部门也可以实现同样的目标。本文还概述了所有与卫生设施和排放相关的部门，强调了基础设施项目面临的挑战和机遇。
