Andersson K, Eneroth P, Fuxe K, Härfstrand A
Department of Histology, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1988 Feb;337(2):131-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00169239.
Diestrous female rats were exposed to the smoke from one to four cigarettes. Exposure to unfiltered cigarette smoke produced dose- and time-dependent reductions of catecholamine levels and dose- and time-dependent increase in catecholamine utilization in the various hypothalamic and preoptic dopamine and noradrenaline nerve terminal systems. These effects were counteracted by pretreatment with the ganglion blocking agent mecamylamine (1 mg/kg). Exposure to cigarette smoke was also found to produce a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of serum prolactin, LH and FSH levels which was counteracted by pretreatment with mecamylamine. Exposure to the smoke from one cigarette (but not from four cigarettes) increased serum TSH levels. In combination with tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition the exposure to cigarette smoke produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of plasma ACTH levels, an action which was counteracted by pretreatment with mecamylamine. The results demonstrated a sex difference (cf. Anderson et al. 1985c), in the nicotine-induced changes of TSH and ACTH secretion despite a general increase in hypothalamic and preoptic dopamine and noradrenaline utilization in both the male and the diestrous female rat. The differences in the neuroendocrine actions of acute intermittent exposure to cigarette smoke in the diestrous rat and the normal male rat are discussed.
处于动情间期的雌性大鼠暴露于1至4支香烟的烟雾中。暴露于未过滤的香烟烟雾会导致各种下丘脑和视前区多巴胺及去甲肾上腺素神经末梢系统中儿茶酚胺水平呈剂量和时间依赖性降低，以及儿茶酚胺利用率呈剂量和时间依赖性增加。这些效应可被神经节阻断剂美加明（1毫克/千克）预处理所抵消。还发现暴露于香烟烟雾会导致血清催乳素、促黄体生成素和促卵泡激素水平呈剂量和时间依赖性抑制，而美加明预处理可抵消这种抑制作用。暴露于1支香烟（而非4支香烟）的烟雾会使血清促甲状腺激素水平升高。与酪氨酸羟化酶抑制作用相结合，暴露于香烟烟雾会导致血浆促肾上腺皮质激素水平呈剂量和时间依赖性抑制，美加明预处理可抵消这一作用。结果表明，尽管雄性和动情间期雌性大鼠下丘脑和视前区多巴胺及去甲肾上腺素利用率普遍增加，但在尼古丁诱导的促甲状腺激素和促肾上腺皮质激素分泌变化方面存在性别差异（参见Anderson等人，1985c）。本文讨论了动情间期大鼠和正常雄性大鼠急性间歇性暴露于香烟烟雾的神经内分泌作用差异。
