Usui Kiyotaka, Murata Tasuku, Fujita Yuji, Kamijo Yoshito, Hanazawa Tomoki, Yoshizawa Tomohiro, Funayama Masato
Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Drug Test Anal. 2018 Jun;10(6):1033-1038. doi: 10.1002/dta.2390. Epub 2018 May 3.
Analyses of drugs and poisons in tissue samples are essential in forensic toxicology and pharmacology. However, current procedures for tissue analysis are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, we assessed the utility of a newly devised probe electrospray ionization (PESI) technique with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for easy, ultra-rapid drug detection in human tissue samples. Using this system, typical pretreatment procedures, such as solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, deproteinization, or homogenization, can be avoided. Briefly, a tissue sample of 1-2 mm was supplemented with a solution of ethanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate, and measurements were obtained. We demonstrated the successful application of this method in a forensic case by detecting an opioid analgesic, MT-45, in all tissue samples (liver, kidney, lung, brain, and heart). We also detected oxidized metabolites of MT-45 in the liver. Since the analysis required only 0.5 minutes per sample, PESI-MS/MS is an ultra-rapid detection method. Furthermore, for a quantitative approach, the total analysis time for the combination of PESI-MS/MS with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method (from instrument start-up to extraction and PESI-analysis) was within 8 minutes. MT-45 concentrations obtained by QuEChERS-PESI-MS/MS and liquid chromatography (LC) -MS/MS were similar for all tissue samples. PESI-MS/MS cannot be used to separate isobars/isomers (ie, compounds with the same m/z value), similar to other direct introduction techniques. Further studies are needed to validate the quantitation method. However, our results indicate that PESI-MS/MS is a potentially easy and rapid technique for the analysis of drugs and poisons in human tissue samples.
组织样本中的药物和毒物分析在法医毒理学和药理学中至关重要。然而，目前的组织分析程序既费力又耗时。因此，我们评估了一种新设计的探针电喷雾电离（PESI）技术与串联质谱（MS/MS）相结合用于在人体组织样本中轻松、超快速检测药物的效用。使用该系统，可以避免典型的预处理程序，如固相萃取、液液萃取、去蛋白或匀浆。简而言之，将1 - 2毫米的组织样本补充乙醇和10毫摩尔/升甲酸铵溶液后进行测量。我们通过在所有组织样本（肝脏、肾脏、肺、脑和心脏）中检测到阿片类镇痛药MT - 45，证明了该方法在一个法医案件中的成功应用。我们还在肝脏中检测到了MT - 45的氧化代谢物。由于每个样本的分析仅需0.5分钟，PESI - MS/MS是一种超快速检测方法。此外，对于定量方法，PESI - MS/MS与快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全（QuEChERS）萃取方法相结合（从仪器启动到萃取和PESI分析）的总分析时间在8分钟以内。通过QuEChERS - PESI - MS/MS和液相色谱（LC） - MS/MS获得的所有组织样本中MT - 45的浓度相似。与其他直接进样技术一样，PESI - MS/MS不能用于分离等压物/异构体（即具有相同m/z值的化合物）。需要进一步研究来验证定量方法。然而，我们的结果表明，PESI - MS/MS是一种潜在的用于分析人体组织样本中药物和毒物的简便快速技术。
