Badowski Melissa E, Yanful Paa Kwesi
Section of Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018 Apr 6;14:643-651. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S126849. eCollection 2018.
The true incidence of anorexia secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer is not well classified owing to the fact that there is a lack of standardized definitions and recent clinical data in these settings. Dronabinol, or Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is a synthetic molecule that closely mimics the action of L., a naturally occurring compound activated in the central nervous system by cannabinoid receptors. Dronabinol exerts its effects by directly acting on the vomiting and appetite control centers in the brain, which in turn increases appetite and prevents vomiting. In the USA, dronabinol is currently available in two dosage formulations - oral capsule and oral solution. While the oral capsule was initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1985, the recent approval of the oral solution in 2016 presents an "easy-to-swallow" alternative for patients using or intending to use dronabinol. Dronabinol is indicated in adult patients with HIV/AIDS for the treatment of anorexia and weight loss. However, there is no approved indication in the setting of cancer-related anorexia and weight loss. This review aims at presenting available data on the use of oral dronabinol in the management of anorexia and weight loss in HIV/AIDS and cancer, as well as characterizing and highlighting the pharmacotherapeutic considerations of the newest formulation of dronabinol.
由于缺乏标准化定义以及这些情况下的最新临床数据，继发于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）和癌症的厌食症的真实发病率尚未得到很好的分类。屈大麻酚，即Δ-9-四氢大麻酚，是一种合成分子，它紧密模拟天然存在的化合物L的作用，L在中枢神经系统中由大麻素受体激活。屈大麻酚通过直接作用于大脑中的呕吐和食欲控制中心发挥作用，进而增加食欲并防止呕吐。在美国，屈大麻酚目前有两种剂型——口服胶囊和口服溶液。虽然口服胶囊最初于1985年获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准，但口服溶液在2016年的最新批准为正在使用或打算使用屈大麻酚的患者提供了一种“易于吞咽”的替代选择。屈大麻酚适用于患有HIV/AIDS的成年患者，用于治疗厌食症和体重减轻。然而，在癌症相关的厌食症和体重减轻方面尚无批准的适应证。本综述旨在介绍关于口服屈大麻酚在HIV/AIDS和癌症患者厌食症和体重减轻管理中的应用的现有数据，以及描述和强调屈大麻酚最新剂型的药物治疗考虑因素。
