Henz Diana, Schöllhorn Wolfgang I, Poeggeler Burkhard
Institute of Sports Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Front Neurosci. 2018 Apr 4;12:190. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00190. eCollection 2018.
Recent neurophysiological studies indicate that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by mobile phone radiation can exert effects on brain activity. One technical solution to reduce effects of EMFs in mobile phone use is provided in mobile phone chips that are applied to mobile phones or attached to their surfaces. To date, there are no systematical studies on the effects of mobile phone chip application on brain activity and the underlying neural mechanisms. The present study investigated whether mobile phone chips that are applied to mobile phones reduce effects of EMFs emitted by mobile phone radiation on electroencephalographic (EEG) brain activity in a laboratory study. Thirty participants volunteered in the present study. Experimental conditions (mobile phone chip, placebo chip, no chip) were set up in a randomized within-subjects design. Spontaneous EEG was recorded before and after mobile phone exposure for two 2-min sequences at resting conditions. During mobile phone exposure, spontaneous EEG was recorded for 30 min during resting conditions, and 5 min during performance of an attention test (d2-R). Results showed increased activity in the theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands during EMF exposure in the placebo and no chip conditions. Application of the mobile phone chip reduced effects of EMFs on EEG brain activity and attentional performance significantly. Attentional performance level was maintained regarding number of edited characters. Further, a dipole analysis revealed different underlying activation patterns in the chip condition compared to the placebo chip and no chip conditions. Finally, a correlational analysis for the EEG frequency bands and electromagnetic high-frequency (HF) emission showed significant correlations in the placebo chip and no chip condition for the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands. In the chip condition, a significant correlation of HF with the theta and alpha bands, but not with the beta and gamma bands was shown. We hypothesize that a reduction of EEG beta and gamma activation constitutes the key neural mechanism in mobile phone chip use that supports the brain to a degree in maintaining its natural activity and performance level during mobile phone use.
最近的神经生理学研究表明，暴露于手机辐射产生的电磁场（EMF）会对大脑活动产生影响。一种减少手机使用中EMF影响的技术解决方案是应用于手机或附着在其表面的手机芯片。迄今为止，尚未有关于手机芯片应用对大脑活动及其潜在神经机制影响的系统研究。本研究在实验室研究中调查了应用于手机的芯片是否能减少手机辐射发出的EMF对脑电图（EEG）大脑活动的影响。30名参与者自愿参加了本研究。实验条件（手机芯片、安慰剂芯片、无芯片）采用随机被试内设计。在静息状态下，在手机暴露前后记录两个2分钟序列的自发EEG。在手机暴露期间，静息状态下记录30分钟的自发EEG，在进行注意力测试（d2-R）时记录5分钟。结果显示，在安慰剂和无芯片条件下，EMF暴露期间θ波、α波、β波和γ波频段的活动增加。手机芯片的应用显著降低了EMF对EEG大脑活动和注意力表现的影响。在编辑字符数量方面，注意力表现水平得以维持。此外，偶极分析显示，与安慰剂芯片和无芯片条件相比，芯片条件下存在不同的潜在激活模式。最后，对EEG频段与电磁高频（HF）发射的相关性分析表明，在安慰剂芯片和无芯片条件下，θ波、α波、β波和γ波频段存在显著相关性。在芯片条件下，HF与θ波和α波频段存在显著相关性，但与β波和γ波频段无显著相关性。我们假设，EEGβ波和γ波激活的减少构成了手机芯片使用中的关键神经机制，在一定程度上支持大脑在手机使用期间维持其自然活动和表现水平。
