Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
Rep Prog Phys. 2018 Jul;81(7):074002. doi: 10.1088/1361-6633/aabf61. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Quantum information theory has considerably helped in the understanding of quantum many-body systems. The role of quantum correlations and in particular, bipartite entanglement, has become crucial to characterise, classify and simulate quantum many body systems. Furthermore, the scaling of entanglement has inspired modifications to numerical techniques for the simulation of many-body systems leading to the, now established, area of tensor networks. However, the notions and methods brought by quantum information do not end with bipartite entanglement. There are other forms of correlations embedded in the ground, excited and thermal states of quantum many-body systems that also need to be explored and might be utilised as potential resources for quantum technologies. The aim of this work is to review the most recent developments regarding correlations in quantum many-body systems focussing on multipartite entanglement, quantum nonlocality, quantum discord, mutual information but also other non classical measures of correlations based on quantum coherence. Moreover, we also discuss applications of quantum metrology in quantum many-body systems.
量子信息理论在理解量子多体系统方面有很大的帮助。量子相关性的作用,特别是双体纠缠,对于刻画、分类和模拟量子多体系统变得至关重要。此外,纠缠的标度激发了对多体系统模拟的数值技术的修改,导致了现在已确立的张量网络领域。然而,量子信息带来的概念和方法并不止于双体纠缠。在量子多体系统的基态、激发态和热态中还嵌入着其他形式的相关性,这些相关性也需要被探索,并可能被用作量子技术的潜在资源。这项工作的目的是回顾关于量子多体系统中相关性的最新发展,重点关注多体纠缠、量子非局域性、量子失协、互信息,但也包括基于量子相干的其他非经典相关性度量。此外,我们还讨论了量子计量学在量子多体系统中的应用。