Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 USA.
Monogastric Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Poult Sci. 2018 Jul 1;97(7):2516-2524. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey100.
Six hundred and eighty-four male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used to test the null hypothesis that post hatching age between day 0 and 21 does not affect utilization of energy in meat and bone meal (MBM). There were 6 replicate cages in each of 12 treatments consisting of 3 test diets (0, 40, or 80 g MBM/kg diets) at 4 feeding ages post hatching (day 0 to 7, 6 to 11, 10 to 16, or 15 to 21 post hatching) for a total of 72 cages in a randomized complete block design. Birds were assigned to the 12 treatments on day 0, fed a standard starter diet until they were switched to the test diets on day 0, 6, 10, or 15, and the number of birds per cage for day 0 to 7, 6 to 11, 10 to 16, or 15 to 21 were 12, 10, 8, or 8, respectively. Excreta were collected during the last 3 days of each feeding age post hatching and ileal digesta on the last day of each age. There was no interaction between dietary MBM level and feeding age post hatching for any of the response criteria. Weight gain and gain-to-feed ratio improved linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary MBM and, expectedly, there was an increase (P < 0.001) in weight gain and a reduction (P < 0.001) in gain-to-feed ratio with bird feeding age post hatching. Ileal digestible energy (IDE), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) of the diet linearly increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary MBM. There were linear increases in dietary IDE (P < 0.05), AME (P < 0.001), and AMEn (P < 0.001) with bird feeding age post hatching. The IDE, ME, and MEn of MBM were determined by the regression procedure. During day 0 to 7, 6 to 11, 10 to 16, or 15 to 21, energy values increased (P < 0.05) with age and the respective IDE of MBM were 2.852, 2.962, 2.927, or 2.959 kcal/g DM. Corresponding ME of MBM were 2.909, 3.125, 3.083, or 3.075 kcal/g DM and those of MEn were 2.687, 2.887, 2.839, or 2.845 kcal/g DM. These results show that energy values of MBM increase with age post hatching and suggest the same energy value of MBM should not be used in formulating diets of broiler chickens during the first 3 weeks post hatching.
684 只雄性 Ross 308 肉鸡雏鸡被用于检验以下零假设,即在孵化后 0 至 21 天内的日龄不会影响肉骨粉(MBM)在肉和骨中的能量利用率。在 12 种处理中,每个处理有 6 个重复笼,每个处理由 3 种测试日粮(日粮中不含 MBM、含 40 或 80 g MBM/kg 日粮)和 4 种孵化后日龄(孵化后 0 至 7 天、6 至 11 天、10 至 16 天或 15 至 21 天)组成,共计 72 个笼,采用随机完全区组设计。雏鸡在第 0 天被分配到 12 种处理中,在第 0 天至第 6、10 或 15 天开始饲喂标准起始日粮,直到切换到测试日粮,第 0 至 7、6 至 11、10 至 16 或 15 至 21 天龄的每个笼中鸡数分别为 12、10、8 或 8 只。在每个日龄结束时的最后 3 天收集排泄物,在每个日龄结束时收集回肠食糜。对于任何响应标准,日粮 MBM 水平和孵化后日龄之间均无交互作用。随着日粮 MBM 的增加,体重增加和增重与采食量之比呈线性增加(P<0.001),而且,随着雏鸡孵化后日龄的增加,体重增加(P<0.001)和增重与采食量之比(P<0.001)均呈下降趋势。日粮中可消化能(IDE)、表观代谢能(AME)和氮校正代谢能(AMEn)随日粮 MBM 的增加而线性增加(P<0.001)。随着雏鸡孵化后日龄的增加,日粮 IDE(P<0.05)、AME(P<0.001)和 AMEn(P<0.001)均呈线性增加。MBM 的 IDE、ME 和 ME 是通过回归程序确定的。在第 0 至 7、6 至 11、10 至 16 或 15 至 21 天龄时,能量值随日龄增加而增加(P<0.05),MBM 的相应 IDE 分别为 2.852、2.962、2.927 或 2.959 kcal/g DM。相应的 MBM ME 分别为 2.909、3.125、3.083 或 3.075 kcal/g DM,而 MEn 分别为 2.687、2.887、2.839 或 2.845 kcal/g DM。这些结果表明,MBM 的能量值随孵化后日龄的增加而增加,建议在孵化后前 3 周内不要在肉鸡日粮中使用相同的 MBM 能量值。