Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems, Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2019 Jul-Aug;65:101348. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.04.008. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
A growing body of evidence suggests that biological factors such as genes, hormone levels, brain structure, and brain functioning influence the development and trajectory of conduct problems in youth. In addition, biological factors affect how individuals respond to the environment, including how individuals respond to programs designed to prevent or treat conduct problems. Programs designed to reduce behavior problems in youth would have the greatest impact if they were targeted toward youth who need it the most (e.g., who are mostly likely to demonstrate persistent behavior problems) as well as youth who may benefit the most from the program. Biological information may improve our ability to make decisions about which type or level of intervention is best for a particular child, thus maximizing overall effectiveness, but it also raises a number of ethical concerns. These include the idea that we may be providing fewer services to some youth based on biological factors, and that information about biological risk could potentially lead to discrimination or labeling. In this article, I discuss the risks and benefits of using biological information to individualize interventions for youth with conduct problems.
越来越多的证据表明，生物因素，如基因、激素水平、大脑结构和大脑功能，会影响青少年品行问题的发展和轨迹。此外，生物因素会影响个体对环境的反应，包括个体对旨在预防或治疗品行问题的项目的反应。如果针对最需要的青少年（例如，最有可能表现出持续行为问题的青少年）以及最有可能从项目中受益的青少年设计减少青少年行为问题的项目，那么这些项目将产生最大的影响。生物信息可能会提高我们做出决策的能力，即哪种类型或水平的干预最适合特定儿童，从而最大限度地提高整体效果，但也引发了一些伦理问题。这些问题包括，我们可能会根据生物因素为一些青少年提供较少的服务，以及关于生物风险的信息可能会导致歧视或污名化。在本文中，我讨论了使用生物信息为有品行问题的青少年进行个体化干预的风险和益处。
