School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Australia; School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia; Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Australia.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2018 Jun;129(6):1230-1241. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.018. Epub 2018 Apr 5.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used noninvasive brain stimulation method capable of inducing plastic reorganisation of cortical circuits in humans. Changes in neural activity following TMS are often attributed to synaptic plasticity via process of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD). However, the precise way in which synaptic processes such as LTP/LTD modulate the activity of large populations of neurons, as stimulated en masse by TMS, are unclear. The recent development of biophysical models, which incorporate the physiological properties of TMS-induced plasticity mathematically, provide an excellent framework for reconciling synaptic and macroscopic plasticity. This article overviews the TMS paradigms used to induce plasticity, and their limitations. It then describes the development of biophysically-based numerical models of the mechanisms underlying LTP/LTD on population-level neuronal activity, and the application of these models to TMS plasticity paradigms, including theta burst and paired associative stimulation. Finally, it outlines how modeling can complement experimental work to improve mechanistic understandings and optimize outcomes of TMS-induced plasticity.
经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种广泛应用的非侵入性脑刺激方法，能够在人类中诱导皮质回路的可塑性重组。TMS 后神经活动的变化通常归因于通过长时程增强和长时程抑制（LTP/LTD）的突触可塑性。然而，突触过程（如 LTP/LTD）调节 TMS 大规模刺激的大量神经元活动的确切方式尚不清楚。最近发展起来的生物物理模型，从数学上整合了 TMS 诱导可塑性的生理特性，为协调突触和宏观可塑性提供了一个极好的框架。本文综述了用于诱导可塑性的 TMS 范式及其局限性。然后，它描述了基于群体水平神经元活动的 LTP/LTD 机制的生物物理数值模型的发展，以及这些模型在 TMS 可塑性范式中的应用，包括 theta 爆发和成对联想刺激。最后，它概述了建模如何补充实验工作，以提高对 TMS 诱导可塑性的机制理解并优化其结果。
