The Rapid Emergence of Tigecycline Resistance in Harboring , as Mediated by Mutation in During Tigecycline Treatment.

Tigecycline is one of the last resort treatments for carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) infections. Tigecycline resistance often occurs during the clinical treatment of CRKP, yet its mechanism has still not been clearly elucidated. This study presents an analysis of a tigecycline resistance mechanism that developed in clinical isolates from a 56-year-old female patient infected with CRKP during tigecycline treatment. Consecutive clonal consistent isolates were obtained during tigecycline treatment. Whole genome sequencing of the isolates was performed, and putative single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion and deletion mutations were analyzed in susceptible and resistant isolates. The identified gene of interest was examined through experiments involving transformations and conjugations. Four isolates, two of which were susceptible and two resistant, were collected from the patient. All of the isolates belonged to Sequence Type 11 (ST11) and were classified as extensively drug resistant (XDR). One amino acid substitution S251A in TetA was identified in the tigecycline-resistant isolates. Subsequent transformation experiments confirmed the contribution of the TetA variant (S251A) to tigecycline resistance. The transfer capacity of tigecycline resistance via this mutation was confirmed by conjugation experiments. Using southern blot hybridization and PCR assays, we further proved that the gene was located on a transferable plasmid of ca. 65 kb in an EC600 transconjugant. Our results provide direct evidence that evolution in the gene can lead to tigecycline treatment failure in CRKP clinical strains that carry . Moreover, the transfer capacity of tigecycline resistance mediated by mutated is a threat.