Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 40 Boulevard du Pont d'Arve, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Psychol Res. 2019 Nov;83(8):1640-1655. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1020-9. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
Different parts of our brain code the perceptual features and actions related to an object, causing a binding problem: how does the brain discriminate the information of a particular event from the features of other events? Hommel (1998) suggested the event file concept: an episodic memory trace binding perceptual and motor information pertaining to an object. By adapting Hommel's paradigm to emotional faces in a previous study (Coll & Grandjean, 2016), we demonstrated that emotion could take part in an event file with motor responses. We also postulate such binding to occur with emotional prosodies, due to an equal importance of automatic reactions to such events. However, contrary to static emotional expressions, prosodies develop through time and temporal dynamics may influence the integration of these stimuli. To investigate this effect, we developed three studies with task-relevant and -irrelevant emotional prosodies. Our results showed that emotion could interact with motor responses when it was task relevant. When it was task irrelevant, this integration was also observed, but only when participants were led to focus on the details of the voices, that is, in a loudness task. No such binding was observed when participants performed a location task, in which emotion could be ignored. These results indicate that emotional binding is not restricted to visual information but is a general phenomenon allowing organisms to integrate emotion and action in an efficient and adaptive way. We discuss the influence of temporal dynamics in the emotion-action binding and the implication of Hommel's paradigm.
大脑的不同部位对与物体相关的感知特征和动作进行编码，从而产生了绑定问题：大脑如何将特定事件的信息与其他事件的特征区分开来？Hommel（1998）提出了事件文件的概念：一个与物体相关的知觉和运动信息的情节记忆痕迹绑定。通过在前一项研究中（Coll 和 Grandjean，2016）将 Hommel 的范式应用于情绪面孔，我们证明了情绪可以与运动反应一起参与事件文件。我们还假设这种绑定会发生在情绪韵律中，因为对这些事件的自动反应具有同等重要性。然而，与静态情绪表达不同，韵律随着时间的推移而发展，时间动态可能会影响这些刺激的整合。为了研究这种影响，我们进行了三项与情绪韵律相关和不相关的任务研究。我们的结果表明，当情绪与任务相关时，它可以与运动反应相互作用。当情绪与任务不相关时，也观察到了这种整合，但只有当参与者被引导关注声音的细节时，即在响亮任务中。当参与者执行位置任务时，即可以忽略情绪时，没有观察到这种绑定。这些结果表明，情绪绑定不仅限于视觉信息，而是一种普遍现象，使生物体能够以有效和自适应的方式整合情绪和动作。我们讨论了时间动态对情绪-动作绑定的影响以及 Hommel 范式的意义。
