Janecko N, Halova D, Jamborova I, Papousek I, Masarikova M, Dolejska M, Literak I
Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2018 Aug;67(2):130-135. doi: 10.1111/lam.12993. Epub 2018 May 31.
The spread of antimicrobial resistance from human activity derived sources to natural habitats implicates wildlife as potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance transfer. Wild birds, including corvid species can disseminate mobile genetic resistance determinants through faeces. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates obtained from winter roosting sites of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and common ravens (Corvus corax) in Canada. Faecal swabs were collected at five roosting sites across Canada. Selective media isolation and multiplex PCR screening was utilized to identify PMQR genes followed by gene sequencing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing to characterize isolates. Despite the low prevalence of E. coli containing PMQR (1·3%, 6/449), qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrC, oqxAB and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were found in five sequence types (ST), including E. coli ST 131. Conversely, one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae contained the plasmid-mediated resistance gene qnrB19. Five different K. pneumoniae STs were identified, including two novel types. The occurrence of PMQR genes and STs of public health significance in E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from corvids gives further evidence of the anthropogenic derived dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants at the human activity-wildlife-environment interface.
This study examined large corvids as possible vector species for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria as a means to assess the anthropogenic dissemination of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Although rare, PMQR genes were found among corvid populations across Canada. The clinically important Escherichia coli strain ST131 containing aac(6')-Ib-cr gene along with a four-class phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern as well as one Klebsiella pneumoniae strain containing a qnrB19 gene were identified in one geographical location. Corvids are a viable vector for the circulation of PMQR genes and clinically important clones in wide-ranging environments.
抗菌药物耐药性从人类活动衍生来源向自然栖息地的传播表明野生动物可能是抗菌药物耐药性转移的载体。包括鸦科鸟类在内的野生鸟类可通过粪便传播移动遗传耐药决定因素。本研究旨在确定从加拿大美洲乌鸦（短嘴鸦）和普通渡鸦冬季栖息地分离得到的大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌属菌株中质粒介导喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）基因的存在情况。在加拿大的五个栖息地采集粪便拭子。采用选择性培养基分离和多重PCR筛选来鉴定PMQR基因，随后进行基因测序、脉冲场凝胶电泳和多位点序列分型以对分离株进行特征分析。尽管携带PMQR的大肠杆菌患病率较低（1.3%，6/449），但在包括大肠杆菌ST131在内的五种序列类型（ST）中发现了qnrS1、qnrB19、qnrC、oqxAB和aac(6')-Ib-cr基因。相反，一株肺炎克雷伯菌含有质粒介导的耐药基因qnrB19。鉴定出五种不同的肺炎克雷伯菌ST，包括两种新型。从鸦科鸟类中分离出的具有公共卫生意义的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中PMQR基因和ST的存在，进一步证明了在人类活动 - 野生动物 - 环境界面上抗菌药物耐药决定因素的人为传播。
本研究将大型鸦科鸟类作为指示菌和病原菌中抗菌药物耐药性传播可能的载体物种进行检测，以此作为评估质粒介导喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）基因人为传播的一种手段。尽管罕见，但在加拿大各地的鸦科鸟类种群中发现了PMQR基因。在一个地理位置鉴定出了含有aac(6')-Ib-cr基因以及四类表型抗菌药物耐药（AMR）模式的具有临床重要性的大肠杆菌菌株ST131，以及一株含有qnrB19基因的肺炎克雷伯菌菌株。在广泛的环境中，鸦科鸟类是PMQR基因和具有临床重要性的克隆传播的可行载体。
