Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018 Aug;41:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
Immunosenescence contributes to increased incidence and severity of many infections in old age and is responsible for impaired immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. Adjuvants are one strategy to enhance immunogenicity of vaccines. The oil-in-water emulsions MF59TM and AS03, as well as a virosomal vaccine have been licensed in seasonal or pandemic influenza vaccines and are/were used successfully in the elderly. AS01, a liposome-based adjuvant comprising two immunostimulants has recently been approved in a recombinant protein vaccine for older adults, which showed very high efficacy against herpes zoster in clinical trials. Several adjuvants for use in the older population are in clinical and preclinical development and will hopefully improve vaccines for this age group in the future.
免疫衰老导致老年人感染的发生率和严重程度增加，并且会影响疫苗的免疫原性和效果。佐剂是增强疫苗免疫原性的一种策略。水包油乳剂 MF59TM 和 AS03 以及一种病毒体疫苗已在季节性或大流行性流感疫苗中获得许可，并且在老年人中成功使用。AS01 是一种包含两种免疫刺激剂的基于脂质体的佐剂，最近已在一种用于老年人的重组蛋白疫苗中获得批准，该疫苗在临床试验中对带状疱疹显示出非常高的疗效。一些用于老年人的佐剂正在进行临床和临床前开发，有望在未来改善该年龄段的疫苗。
