Alonso J M, Peccinini R G, Campos M L, Nitta T Y, Akutagawa T Y M, Crescencio A P, Alves A L G, Rodrigues C A, Watanabe M J, Hussni C A
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, Brazil.
Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.
Vet J. 2018 Apr;234:72-76. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.02.006. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
Intraperitoneal (IP) use of antimicrobial agents may lead to therapeutic effects with better clinical results than intravenous (IV) administration. The aim of this study was to compare plasma and peritoneal fluid concentrations of ceftriaxone after IP and IV administration in horses, and to evaluate possible adverse effects. One group of five horses received 25mg/kg ceftriaxone diluted in 1L saline solution by IP catheter once daily for 5 days, while a second group of five horses received 25mg/kg ceftriaxone diluted in 250mL saline solution by IV injection once daily for 5days and 1L saline solution by IP catheter once daily for 5 days. Peritoneal fluid and plasma were collected to determine ceftriaxone concentrations after the first and fifth administration. IP administration of ceftriaxone resulted in concentrations above a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1μg/mL for 24h in peritoneal fluid and for 12h in plasma, while IV administration of ceftriaxone resulted in lower peritoneal fluid concentrations, which remained above a MIC of 1μg/mL for 12h in peritoneal fluid and 10h in plasma. No adverse effects were observed. Comparisons of ceftriaxone concentrations, time of occurrence of the maximum (T) and minimum (T) concentrations, and the mean residence time (MRT), between the two groups showed that IP administration provided greater availability of cephalosporin in peritoneal fluid. The IP use of ceftriaxone (25mg/kg diluted in 1L saline solution once daily) may be useful for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of peritonitis in horses.
腹腔内（IP）使用抗菌药物可能会产生治疗效果，临床结果优于静脉内（IV）给药。本研究的目的是比较马在腹腔内和静脉内给药后头孢曲松的血浆和腹腔液浓度，并评估可能的不良反应。一组五匹马每天通过腹腔导管接受一次稀释于1L盐溶液中的25mg/kg头孢曲松，持续5天，而另一组五匹马每天通过静脉注射接受一次稀释于250mL盐溶液中的25mg/kg头孢曲松，持续5天，并且每天通过腹腔导管接受一次1L盐溶液，持续5天。在首次和第五次给药后收集腹腔液和血浆以测定头孢曲松浓度。腹腔内给予头孢曲松导致腹腔液中浓度在24小时内高于最低抑菌浓度（MIC）1μg/mL，血浆中在12小时内高于该浓度，而静脉内给予头孢曲松导致腹腔液浓度较低，腹腔液中在12小时内、血浆中在10小时内保持高于1μg/mL的MIC。未观察到不良反应。两组之间头孢曲松浓度、最大（T）和最小（T）浓度出现时间以及平均驻留时间（MRT）的比较表明，腹腔内给药使头孢菌素在腹腔液中的可用性更高。腹腔内使用头孢曲松（25mg/kg稀释于1L盐溶液中每天一次）可能对预防和/或治疗马的腹膜炎有用。
