“勇敢的男性”与“情绪化的女性”：一项关于医疗保健中性别偏见及对慢性疼痛患者的性别规范的理论导向文献综述
"Brave Men" and "Emotional Women": A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain.
作者信息
Samulowitz Anke, Gremyr Ida, Eriksson Erik, Hensing Gunnel
机构信息
Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-405 30, Sweden.
Centre for Healthcare Improvment, Division of Service Management and Logistics, Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden.
出版信息
Pain Res Manag. 2018 Feb 25;2018:6358624. doi: 10.1155/2018/6358624. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Despite the large body of research on sex differences in pain, there is a lack of knowledge about the influence of gender in the patient-provider encounter. The purpose of this study was to review literature on gendered norms about men and women with pain and gender bias in the treatment of pain. The second aim was to analyze the results guided by the theoretical concepts of hegemonic masculinity and andronormativity.
METHODS
A literature search of databases was conducted. A total of 77 articles met the inclusion criteria. The included articles were analyzed qualitatively, with an integrative approach.
RESULTS
The included studies demonstrated a variety of gendered norms about men's and women's experience and expression of pain, their identity, lifestyle, and coping style. Gender bias in pain treatment was identified, as part of the patient-provider encounter and the professional's treatment decisions. It was discussed how gendered norms are consolidated by hegemonic masculinity and andronormativity.
CONCLUSIONS
Awareness about gendered norms is important, both in research and clinical practice, in order to counteract gender bias in health care and to support health-care professionals in providing more equitable care that is more capable to meet the need of all patients, men and women.
背景
尽管关于疼痛方面的性别差异已有大量研究，但对于性别在医患互动中的影响仍缺乏了解。本研究的目的是回顾关于疼痛患者的性别规范以及疼痛治疗中性别偏见的文献。第二个目的是依据霸权男性气质和男性规范的理论概念对结果进行分析。
方法
对数据库进行文献检索。共有77篇文章符合纳入标准。采用综合方法对纳入的文章进行定性分析。
结果
纳入的研究表明，在男性和女性对疼痛的体验与表达、他们的身份、生活方式及应对方式等方面存在多种性别规范。在医患互动及专业人员的治疗决策中发现了疼痛治疗中的性别偏见。讨论了霸权男性气质和男性规范如何强化性别规范。
结论
无论是在研究还是临床实践中，了解性别规范都很重要，以便消除医疗保健中的性别偏见，并支持医护专业人员提供更公平的护理，更能满足所有患者（男性和女性）的需求。
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